全文获取类型
收费全文 | 990篇 |
免费 | 114篇 |
国内免费 | 132篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 20篇 |
2022年 | 21篇 |
2021年 | 34篇 |
2020年 | 36篇 |
2019年 | 46篇 |
2018年 | 47篇 |
2017年 | 45篇 |
2016年 | 48篇 |
2015年 | 41篇 |
2014年 | 64篇 |
2013年 | 84篇 |
2012年 | 53篇 |
2011年 | 52篇 |
2010年 | 46篇 |
2009年 | 45篇 |
2008年 | 51篇 |
2007年 | 64篇 |
2006年 | 28篇 |
2005年 | 44篇 |
2004年 | 36篇 |
2003年 | 38篇 |
2002年 | 33篇 |
2001年 | 22篇 |
2000年 | 21篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 16篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 13篇 |
1994年 | 14篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 16篇 |
1991年 | 12篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 6篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有1236条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The interrelation was studied between the phototransient absorbing maximally at 412 nm (M412) and light-induced proton release under steady-state conditions in aqueous suspensions of ‘purple membrane’ derived from Halobacterium halobium. The decay of M412 was slowed down by the simultaneous application of the ionophoric antibiotics valinomycin and beauvericin. The former had only slight activity alone and the latter was effective only in conjunction with valinomycin. The steady-state concentration of M412 which was formed on illumination was a direct function of the concentration of valinomycin. Maximum stabilization of M412 was obtained when the valinomycin was approximately equimolar with the bacteriorhodopsin. Addition of salts to the medium increased the number of protons released per molecule of M412 without affecting the level of M412 which was produced by continuous illumination. The effectiveness of the salts in this respect depended on the nature of the cation. Ca2+ and their antagonists La3+ and ruthenium red were found to have especially high affinity for the system. The extent of light-induced acidification could not be enhanced by increasing the pH of the medium from 6.5 to 7.8. The possible mechanism of action of the ionophores and of the cations on the photocycle and on the proton cycle is discussed. 相似文献
2.
Alain Dejean Arthur Compin Jacques H. C. Delabie Frdric Azmar Bruno Corbara Maurice Leponce 《Ecological Entomology》2019,44(4):560-570
1. Ants are widespread in tropical rainforests, including in the canopy where territorially dominant arboreal species represent the main part of the arthropod biomass. 2. By mapping the territories of dominant arboreal ant species and using a null model analysis and a pairwise approach this study was able to show the presence of an ant mosaic on the upper canopy of a primary Neotropical rainforest (c. 1 ha sampled; 157 tall trees from 28 families). Although Neotropical rainforest canopies are frequently irregular, with tree crowns at different heights breaking the continuity of the territories of dominant ants, the latter are preserved via underground galleries or trails laid on the ground. 3. The distribution of the trees influences the structure of the ant mosaic, something related to the attractiveness of tree taxa for certain arboreal ant species rather than others. 4. Small‐scale natural disturbances, most likely strong winds in the area studied (presence of canopy gaps), play a role by favouring the presence of two ant species typical of secondary formations: Camponotus femoratus and Crematogaster levior, which live in parabiosis (i.e. share territories and nests but lodge in different cavities) and build conspicuous ant gardens. In addition, pioneer Cecropia myrmecophytic trees were recorded. 相似文献
3.
James J. Krupa Kevin R. Hopper Samuel B. Gruber Jason M. Schmidt James D. Harwood 《Ecology and evolution》2020,10(11):4762-4772
- Plant–animal interactions are diverse and widespread shaping ecology, evolution, and biodiversity of most ecological communities. Carnivorous plants are unusual in that they can be simultaneously engaged with animals in multiple mutualistic and antagonistic interactions including reversed plant–animal interactions where they are the predator. Competition with animals is a potential antagonistic plant–animal interaction unique to carnivorous plants when they and animal predators consume the same prey.
- The goal of this field study was to test the hypothesis that under natural conditions, sundews and spiders are predators consuming the same prey thus creating an environment where interkingdom competition can occur.
- Over 12 months, we collected data on 15 dates in the only protected Highland Rim Wet Meadow Ecosystem in Kentucky where sundews, sheet‐web spiders, and ground‐running spiders co‐exist. One each sampling day, we attempted to locate fifteen sites with: (a) both sheet‐web spiders and sundews; (b) sundews only; and (c) where neither occurred. Sticky traps were set at each of these sites to determine prey (springtails) activity–density. Ground‐running spiders were collected on sampling days. DNA extraction was performed on all spiders to determine which individuals had eaten springtails and comparing this to the density of sundews where the spiders were captured.
- Sundews and spiders consumed springtails. Springtail activity–densities were lower, the higher the density of sundews. Both sheet‐web and ground‐running spiders were found less often where sundew densities were high. Sheet‐web size was smaller where sundew densities were high.
- The results of this study suggest that asymmetrical exploitative competition occurs between sundews and spiders. Sundews appear to have a greater negative impact on spiders, where spiders probably have little impact on sundews. In this example of interkingdom competition where the asymmetry should be most extreme, amensalism where one competitor experiences no cost of interaction may be occurring.
4.
Counts of Steller sea lion ( Eumetopias jubatus ) pups and non-pups (adults and juveniles) from aerial photographs of rookeries at Año Nuevo Island between 1990 and 1993 were significantly higher than those made on the ground. Based on regression of natural logs of photographic counts versus year, the number of pups declined at a rate of −0.099yr while non-pup numbers declined at −0.315/yr. Examination of ground count data for the same period revealed a significant decline in non-pups (−0.139/yr), but no trend was detected in the ground counts of pups. The regression coefficients from photographic and ground counts of non-pups did not differ significantly. Power analyses using the program TRENDS indicated that detectable rates of change in abundance from four annual surveys were much lower for counts of pups than counts of non-pups where sampling precision was based on fits to linear models. 相似文献
5.
Measuring the effect of observations on Bayes factors 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
6.
Soil N mineralization and nitrification in relation to nitrogen solution chemistry in a small forested watershed 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
Spatial variations in soil processes regulating mineral N losses to streams were studied in a small watershed near Toronto, Ontario. Annual net N mineralization in the 0–8 cm soil was measured in adjacent upland and riparian forest stands using in situ soil incubations from April 1985 to 1987. Mean annual rates of soil N mineralization and nitrification were higher in a maple soil (93.8 and 87.0 kg.ha–1) than in a pine soil (23.3 and 8.2 kg.ha–1 ). Very low mean rates of mineralization (3.3 kg.ha–1) and nitrification (3.4 kg.ha–1) were found in a riparian hemlock stand. Average NO3-N concentrations in soil solutions were 0.3–1.0 mg.L–1 in the maple stand and >0.06mg.L–1 in the pine stand. Concentrations of NO3–N in shallow ground water and stream water were 3–4× greater in a maple subwatershed than in a pine subwatershed. Rapid N uptake by vegetation was an important mechanism reducing solution losses of NO3–N in the maple stand. Low rates of nitrification were mainly responsible for negligible NO3–N solution losses in the pine stand. 相似文献
7.
用金桔茎段为外植体,培养在附加1.0毫克/升BA和0.l毫克/升IBA的MS培养基上,诱导愈伤组织和芽形成。观察了愈伤组织和芽形成过程中的组织细胞学变化。培养一周后,在茎组织切口两端开始膨大,细胞增大和开始分裂。培养两周后,开始形成瘤状愈伤组织。在愈伤组织中有形成层状分生组织、维管组织结节和分生细胞团。培养四周后,表层的分生细胞团分化形成大量芽原基,同时愈伤组织深层也出现分生细胞团。带节茎段可从切口两端的愈伤组织分化形成芽,亦可从叶腋的潜伏芽直接形成芽。 相似文献
8.
9.
Yasuo Ezaki 《Ecological Research》1992,7(1):63-70
Foraging habitat selection of breeding great reed warblers was studied at a shore of Lake Biwa. The foraging grounds of parent
warblers during the nesting period were not restricted to the breeding territory of the reed marsh, their nestling habitat.
The paddy field outside the reed marsh was used communally by them throughout the breeding season. Females with early stage
nestlings did not visit the paddy field whereas when nestlings were older than 3 days, more than half of their total food
was collected there. Females with nests adjacent to the paddy field tended to exploit the paddy field more often than those
with nests distant from it. Monogamously mated females tended to exploit the paddy field more often than polygynously mated
females. Food collected in the paddy field was larger than that in the reed marsh and parent birds were prepared to travel
longer distances to exploit the rich source of food in the paddy field. The importance of the communal foraging ground outside
the reed marsh as a background of the polygynous mating system of this species is discussed. 相似文献
10.
若干种枝角类卵鞍表面亚显微结构的比较研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以扫描电镜对发头裸腹溞、蚤状溞、隆线溞指名亚种以及隆线溞东湖一亚种的卵鞍分别进行了比较研究,发现卵鞍表面的亚显微结构有明显的差异,但亚种之间差异较小。隆线溞指名亚种与隆线溞东湖一亚种二者的卵鞍在光学显微镜下看不出有什么差异,然而亚显微结构却互不相同。这就为东湖一新亚种的确定提供了一项可靠的依据,同时也进一步证实卵鞍的超微结构确可作为枝角类分类的表征。 相似文献