全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2209篇 |
免费 | 379篇 |
国内免费 | 656篇 |
专业分类
3244篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 21篇 |
2023年 | 75篇 |
2022年 | 73篇 |
2021年 | 112篇 |
2020年 | 124篇 |
2019年 | 144篇 |
2018年 | 137篇 |
2017年 | 141篇 |
2016年 | 109篇 |
2015年 | 93篇 |
2014年 | 131篇 |
2013年 | 120篇 |
2012年 | 87篇 |
2011年 | 105篇 |
2010年 | 83篇 |
2009年 | 116篇 |
2008年 | 138篇 |
2007年 | 161篇 |
2006年 | 119篇 |
2005年 | 120篇 |
2004年 | 107篇 |
2003年 | 101篇 |
2002年 | 83篇 |
2001年 | 80篇 |
2000年 | 59篇 |
1999年 | 57篇 |
1998年 | 66篇 |
1997年 | 47篇 |
1996年 | 44篇 |
1995年 | 46篇 |
1994年 | 41篇 |
1993年 | 31篇 |
1992年 | 36篇 |
1991年 | 31篇 |
1990年 | 38篇 |
1989年 | 23篇 |
1988年 | 21篇 |
1987年 | 25篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有3244条查询结果,搜索用时 8 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
The inner-dune zone between the villages of Bakkum and Egmond in the North-Holland Dune Reserve is one of the few remaining examples of the semi-natural boundary between the dunes and the polders. For several centuries this area has been used for various purposes, in particular for grazing. Large-scale excavating, especially after about 1900, has encroached upon the dunes. Vegetation and land-use history were studied and a provisional scheme on the vegetation development is presented. Management policies discussed are non-intervention, mowing in order to start natural processes such as rabbit grazing, and the continuation of traditional livestock grazing. Proposals for external management policies were made in order to maintain or enhance the original transition zone, based on comprehensive physical-geographical studies of the whole inner-dune zone. 相似文献
4.
Ulrike Rosenfellner Franz Zehetner Martin H. Gerzabek 《Soil & Sediment Contamination》2009,18(6):685-687
Data from eight published studies were combined to show that the influence of traffic density on Pb contents in roadside soils increases with proximity to the road. 相似文献
5.
T. R. Shankar Raman 《Journal of biosciences》1997,22(2):203-218
Chital or axis deer (Axis axis) form fluid groups that change in size temporally and in relation to habitat. Predictions of hypotheses relating animal density,
rainfall, habitat structure, and breeding seasonality, to changes in chital group size were assessed simultaneously using
multiple regression models of monthly data collected over a 2 yr period in Guindy National Park, in southern India. Over 2,700
detections of chital groups were made during four seasons in three habitats (forest, scrubland and grassland). In scrubland
and grassland, chital group size was positively related to animal density, which increased with rainfall. This suggests that
in these habitats, chital density increases in relation to food availability, and group sizes increase due to higher encounter
rate and fusion of groups. The density of chital in forest was inversely related to rainfall, but positively to the number
of fruiting tree species and availability of fallen litter, their forage in this habitat. There was little change in mean
group size in the forest, although chital density more than doubled during the dry season and summer. Dispersion of food items
or the closed nature of the forest may preclude formation of larger groups. At low densities, group sizes in all three habitats
were similar. Group sizes increased with chital density in scrubland and grassland, but more rapidly in the latter—leading
to a positive relationship between openness and mean group size at higher densities. It is not clear, however, that this relationship
is solely because of the influence of habitat structure. The rutting index (monthly percentage of adult males in hard antler)
was positively related to mean group size in forest and scrubland, probably reflecting the increase in group size due to solitary
males joining with females during the rut. The fission-fusion system of group formation in chital is thus interactively influenced
by several factors. Aspects that need further study, such as interannual variability, are highlighted. 相似文献
6.
Abstract The effects of an unusual high frequency mowing regime, which involved the removal of slash, were compared to moderate grazing through the method of paired quadrats across a fenceline, which was orthogonal to a weak environmental gradient. The mown plots proved superior in their conservation characteristics to the moderately grazed plots. The mowing regime produced greater cover of rare or threatened species, greater native cover and lesser exotic grass cover. It thus presents an opportunity for maintaining or improving the condition of previously grazed remnants in reserves without resorting to the use of stock or fire for biomass reduction. 相似文献
7.
This paper deals with the complex issue of reversing long‐term improvements of fertility in soils derived from heathlands and acidic grasslands using sulfur‐based amendments. The experiment was conducted on a former heathland and acid grassland in the U.K. that was heavily fertilized and limed with rock phosphate, chalk, and marl. The experimental work had three aims. First, to determine whether sulfurous soil amendments are able to lower pH to a level suitable for heathland and acidic grassland re‐creation (approximately 3 pH units). Second, to determine what effect the soil amendments have on the available pool of some basic cations and some potentially toxic acidic cations that may affect the plant community. Third, to determine whether the addition of Fe to the soil system would sequester PO4? ions that might be liberated from rock phosphate by the experimental treatments. The application of S0 and Fe(II)SO4? to the soil was able to reduce pH. However, only the highest S0 treatment (2,000 kg/ha S) lowered pH sufficiently for heathland restoration purposes but effectively so. Where pH was lowered, basic cations were lost from the exchangeable pool and replaced by acidic cations. Where Fe was added to the soil, there was no evidence of PO4? sequestration from soil test data (Olsen P), but sequestration was apparent because of lower foliar P in the grass sward. The ability of the forb Rumex acetosella to apparently detoxify Al3+, prevalent in acidified soils, appeared to give it a competitive advantage over other less tolerant species. We would anticipate further changes in plant community structure through time, driven by Al3+ toxicity, leading to the competitive exclusion of less tolerant species. This, we suggest, is a key abiotic driver in the restoration of biotic (acidic plant) communities. 相似文献
8.
The trophic impact of small mammals in successional grasslands 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
SARA CHURCHFIELD VALERIE K. BROWN 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1987,31(3):273-290
The habitat use and diets of small mammals inhabiting grassland plots of different successional ages were investigated by live-trapping and faecal analysis over a period of 16 months. The contribution of the major plant life forms and the structural profile of the vegetation of each plot and the availability of insect prey were assessed. The dominant species of small mammal found on each plot were Sorex araneus, S. minutus, Apodemus sylvaticus and Microtus agrestis . Small mammals were most commonly found in the late and mid-successional stages, reflecting the habitat structure and food availability. A wide range of insects and other invertebrates were eaten by all four species and insects formed 50–62% of the animal prey taken. The incidence of certain prey in the diets differed between plots. The daily consumption rate of invertebrates by shrews and mice was estimated at some 6800 prey per ha. The greatest predatory impact came from shews but A. sylvaticus showed increased consumption of invertebrates in spring. The combined predatory impact of the grassland small mammal community on insect populations alone was estimated to average 0.01% per day and is predicted to be greatest in the mid-successional stages. 相似文献
9.
10.
Model of ammonia volatilization from calcareous soils 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A quantitative model of ammonia volatilization from the calcareous soil uppermost 1-cm layer was developed and tested. The
model accounts for the following processes: ammonium-ammonia equilibration in the soil solution, cation exchange between calcium
and ammonium which results in ammonium distribution between soil liquid and solid phases, nitrification of dissolved ammonium,
distribution of ammonia between liquid and gaseous phases and diffusion of gaseous ammonia in the soil air.
The combined effect of various characteristics such as soil pH, cation exchange capacity, water capacity and nitrification
rate on ammonia losses from various soil types have been studied. The model was validated against experimental results of
ammonia losses from different soils for its use as a predicting tool.
The model shows that most of ammonia losses can be explained by the interactive effect of high soil pH and low cation exchange
capacity. Computations show increased ammonia volatilization with decreasing soil water capacity. Increasing fertilizer application
rate has a small effect on percentage of ammonia losses. Increased nitrification rate and shorter “lag” period of nitrification
reduce ammonia losses considerably. Good agreement was obtained between model calculations and experimental results of ammonia
volatilization from 13 soils. 相似文献