巴西固氮螺菌中P_Ⅱ和P_Z在固氮调节中的不同作用

在巴西固氮螺菌 (Azospirillumbrasilense)中 ,glnB和glnZ是两个高度同源基因 ,分别位于 3 7kb EcoRI+PstI和 3 7kb SalI的两个不同的染色体片段上。用卡那霉素盒 (Kmr cas sette)插入法 ,对glnB和glnZ分别进行定位诱变 ,并获得相应的突变株 ,即glnB- 和glnZ- 。研究表明 ,glnB- 突变株丧失固氮酶活性 ,表现为Nif- ,而glnZ- 象野生型菌株一样具有固氮酶活性。为了进一步研究这两个基因的功能 ,将glnB和glnZ分别构建在pVK1 0 0载体上形成重组质粒pVK -Ⅱ和pVK -Z ,对glnB- 和glnZ- 突变株进行互补实验 ,进一步证明了glnB与固氮酶活有直接相关性 ,而glnZ无此作用。同时 ,通过三亲接合法将pVK -Ⅱ和pVK -Z分别转移到巴西固氮螺菌野生型Yu62和具有一定抗铵能力的draT- 突变株中 ,使glnB和glnZ的拷贝数增加 ,进一步比较它们的固氮酶活性。结果表明多拷贝的glnB基因 ,能显著提高固氮酶活性 ,而多拷贝的glnZ对固氮酶活性无影响。同时 ,将pVK Ⅱ和pVK -…     

浑球红细菌谷氨酰胺合成酶基因(glnA)及PⅡ蛋白基因(glnB)的序列分析

测定了浑球红细菌的glnA和／glnB基因DNA序列,共2707nt。其中glnA基因编码区为1401nt,编码467个氨基酸;glnB基因编码区为336nt,编码112个氨基醚。DNA序列的G＋C百分含量为65％,它们的密码子第三位GC利用率高达89．1％。在氨基酸序列上,GS酶和PⅡ蛋白与其它不同属的细菌间有较好的同源性,尤其是固氮类细菌间同源性较高。     

Comparative Studies of Myosin Rods Isolated by Enzymatic and Non-enzymatic Cleavage of Myosin

Tryptic (LMM Fr 1) and CNBr-treated (LMM-C) rod portion of myosin molecule were prepared from rabbit skeletal muscle myosin. An attempt was made to clarify the difference between LMM Fr 1 and LMM-C as measured by solubility and some physico-chemical techniques. The rigid structure of LMM Fr 1 melted into a random coil as temperature of the solution increased and the value of b₀ and reduced viscosity did not show full recovery upon gradual cooling. The situation of LMM-C, on the other hand, showed the higher thermostability than LMM Fr 1. As stated in our previous paper,¹⁾ we have considered that the rod portion of myosin molecules is substantially thermostable.     

巴西固氮螺菌Yu62glnB基因的克隆及其功能分析

通过原位杂交从巴西固氮螺菌Yu62的基因文库中,筛选到glnB基因的阳性克隆,将3.7kb/EcoRI PstI的阳性克隆亚克隆到pUC19中,进行了全序列分析,其在GenBank中的登记号是AF323960。DNA序列分析表明该阳性克隆含有完整的glnB基因,glnB基因下游是编码谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）的glnA基因,glnB基因上游是一个编码未知蛋白的ORF。glnB基因编码区长336bp,编码112个氨基酸,与肺炎克氏杆菌、大豆慢生根瘤菌、豌豆根瘤菌及大肠杆菌在氨基酸顺序的同源性分别高达71%、77%、79%和69%。将卡那霉素抗性片段（Km-cassette)插入glnB基因的BglII位点,通过三亲杂交法将其引入到巴西固氮螺菌Yu62中,通过同源重组,获得GlnB^-突变株（glnB::Km）。为进一步分析glnB基因的功能,将glnB基因的编码区（339bp）构建在pVK100中,置于Km启动子下组成型表达,形成重组质粒pVK-II。将重组质粒pVK-II转入到GlnB^-突变株,构建成互补株C-glnB(glnB:Km/glnB)。对GlnB^-突变株和互补株的固氮酶活性和生长性能的测定表明,GlnB^-突变体无固氮酶活性,即表型为Nif^-;而互补株像野生型菌株一样具有固氮酶活性。突变株、互补株及野生型在菌落生长速度上基本相同。将含有glnB基因的重组质粒pVK-II分别转移到野生型Yu62菌株和具有一定抗铵能力的DraT^-突变标中,使glnB基因的拷贝数增加,并进一步比较它们的固氮酶活性,结果表明多拷贝的glnB基因能显著提高固氮酶活性。     

Characterization of amplified polymerase chain reaction glnB and nifH gene fragments of nitrogen-fixing Burkholderia species

AIMS: To clone and sequence polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified glnB and nifH genes of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria Burkholderia brasilensis strain M130, B. tropicalis strain PPe8 and B. kururiensis strain KP23. METHODS AND RESULTS: The glnB and nifH gene fragments were amplified by PCR using universal degenerated primers. A very high percentage of similarity for the nifH (100%) and glnB (96%) genes was observed between strains M130 and KP23. A similarity of 100% for the nifH gene was also observed between strains M130 and PPe8. However, the identity for the glnB gene was 98% and the similarity 88%. The phylogenetic tree of the nifH gene showed a very high degree of similarity to the 16S rDNA gene. CONCLUSIONS: The nitrogen-fixing bacteria of the Burkholderia genus formed a cluster separated from the other species of the genus mainly when the nifH rather than the glnB gene was used to construct the phylogenetic tree. Significance and Impact of the Study: Knowledge of the nifH and glnB gene sequences of B. brasilensis, B. tropicalis and B. kururiensis will support new studies on the diversity of these diazotrophs in natural environments.     

浑球红细菌（R．srhaeroides）glnBA基因克隆及其物理图谱

从浑球红细菌的基因文库中筛选到ｐＨＴ３、ｐＨＴ１０及ｐＨＴ３５三个阳性克隆,其中质粒ｐＨＴ１０与ｐＨＴ３５能遗传互补英膜红细菌的谷氨酰胺缺陷型Ｇ２９,使其ＧＳ酶及固氮酶活性得到恢复。对质粒ｐＨＴ１０上的ｇｌｎＡ同源片段进行了亚克隆和限制性内切酶图谱分析,确定了浑球红细菌ｇｌｎＢ与ｇｌｎＡ之间存在连锁关系。     

Potential roles for the glnB and ntrYX genes in Azospirillum brasilense

Three Azospirillum brasilense mutants constitutive for nitrogen fixation (Nif(C)) in the presence of NH4(+) and deficient in nitrate-dependent growth were used as tools to define the roles of the glnB and ntrYX genes in this organism. Mutant HM14 was complemented for nitrate-dependent growth and NH4(+) regulation of nitrogenase by plasmid pL46 which contains the ntrYX genes of A. brasilense. Mutant HM26 was restored for NH4(+) regulation and nitrate-dependent growth by plasmid pJC1, carrying the A. brasilense glnB gene expressed from a constitutive promoter. Mutant HM053, on the other hand, was not complemented for NH4(+) regulation of nitrogenase and nitrate-dependent growth by both plasmids pJCI and pL46. The levels and control of glutamine synthetase activity of all mutants were not affected by both plasmids pL46 (ntrYX) and pJC1 (glnB). These results support the characterization of strains HM14 as an ntrYX mutant and strain HM26 as a glnB mutant and the involvement of ntrYX and glnB in the regulation of the general nitrogen metabolism in A. brasilense.