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Time‐lapse cameras reveal latitude and season influence breeding phenology durations in penguins 下载免费PDF全文
Caitlin Black Ben Collen Daniel Lunn Dick Filby Stephanie Winnard Tom Hart 《Ecology and evolution》2018,8(16):8286-8296
Variation in the phenology of avian taxa has long been studied to understand how a species reacts to environmental changes over both space and time. Penguins (Sphenicidae) serve as an important example of how biotic and abiotic factors influence certain stages of seabird phenology because of their large ranges and the extreme, dynamic conditions present in their Southern Ocean habitats. Here, we examined the phenology of gentoo (Pygoscelis papua) and chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) at 17 sites across the Scotia arc, including the first documented monitoring of phenology on the South Sandwich Islands, to determine which breeding phases are intrinsic, or rather vary across a species range and between years. We used a novel method to measure seabird breeding phenology and egg and chick survival: time‐lapse cameras. Contrary to the long‐standing theory that these phases are consistent between colonies, we found that latitude and season had a predominant influence on the length of the nest establishment, incubation, and guard durations. We observe a trend toward longer incubation times occurring farther south, where ambient temperatures are colder, which may indicate that exposure to cold slows embryo growth. Across species, in colonies located farther south, parents abandoned nests later when eggs were lost or chicks died and the latest record of eggs or chicks in the nest occurred earlier during the breeding period. The variation in both space and time observed in penguin phenology provides evidence that the duration of phases within the annual cycle of birds is not fundamental, or genetic, as previously understood. Additionally, the recorded phenology dates should inform field researchers on the best timing to count colonies at the peak of breeding, which is poorly understood. 相似文献
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Luis R. Pertierra Nicols I. Segovia Daly Noll Pablo A. Martinez Patricio Pliscoff Andrs Barbosa Pedro Aragn Andrea Raya Rey Pierre Pistorius Phil Trathan Andrea Polanowski Francesco Bonadonna Cline Le Bohec Ke Bi Cynthia Y. Wang‐Claypool Daniel Gonzlez‐Acua Gisele P. M. Dantas Rauri C. K. Bowie Elie Poulin Juliana A. Vianna 《Diversity & distributions》2020,26(8):958-975
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NICK D. HOLMES 《The Journal of wildlife management》2007,71(8):2575-2582
ABSTRACT For wildlife managers, determining inter-species differences in the behavioral responses of seabirds to visitation can allow greater efficacy of visitor guidelines. Two key management outcomes for such information include 1) tailoring visitor guidelines to protect the most sensitive species and 2) improving self-regulation during visits by identifying behaviors likely to indicate a change in the natural activity of visited species. On subantarctic Macquarie Island, Australia, I collected the behavioral responses of guarding king (Aptenodytes patagonicus), gentoo (Pygoscelis papua), and royal (Eudyptes schlegeli) penguins before, during, and after exposure to a standardized pedestrian visit, to compare species' behavioral responses to visitation. Gentoo penguins appeared more sensitive than royal or king penguins, exhibiting altered behavior for 5 minutes after the stimulus was removed; this pattern was not evident in kings or royals. Response behaviors useful for visitors to assess their impact on penguins include vigilance (repeated rapid head turning) in all 3 species, agonism in king and royal penguins (reaching and striking at conspecifics), and low threat-display (bill pointing) in gentoo penguins. This study is valuable for wildlife managers as it provides practical information in the application of on-ground visitor guidelines. 相似文献
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Genetic tests reveal extra‐pair paternity among Gentoo penguins (Pyogoscelis papua ellsworthii) at Loveland Living Planet Aquarium: Implications for ex situ colony management 下载免费PDF全文
Lauren Lee Nathan Tirrell Christian Burrell Scott Chambers Steve Vogel Eric T. Domyan 《Zoo biology》2018,37(4):236-244
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