越冬期大鸨粪便氨基酸组成与消化能力分析

为评估陕西黄河湿地大鸨越冬期营养状况,于2012年1～2月收集大鸨新鲜粪便并对粪便中的蛋白质、灰分和氨基酸含量等做了测定.结果显示,粪便中粗蛋白、粗灰分含量分别为40.25％、19.81％.谷氨酸含量最高,为0.55％,组氨酸含量最低,为0.10％.粪便中豆苗、豆瓣、麦苗、麦粒、玉米、杂物的干物质比重分别为0.47％、4.05％、84.80％、6.75％、2.86％、1.07％.结果表明,麦苗是粪便干物质的主要成分,但相对大鸨越冬食性而言,麦苗粗蛋白含量偏低.粪便中谷氨酸、甘氨酸、天门冬氨酸和丙氨酸含量较大,这对优化大鸨对食物的选择方面起一定作用.     

Shmuel Shaltiel

The ability of cells to synthesize and secrete proteins is essential for numerous cellular functions. Therefore, when mutations in one component of the secretory pathway result in a tissue-specific defect, a unique opportunity arises to examine the molecular mechanisms at play. The recent finding that a defect in the protein sedlin, whose yeast counterpart is involved in the first step of the secretory pathway, leads to a cartilage-specific disorder in humans raises numerous questions and interesting possibilities for understanding both the pathobiology involved and the role of membrane traffic in normal cartilage development.     

Identification of a mutation in the ovine uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD) gene associated with a type of porphyria

Porphyria is a group of at least eight diseases caused by abnormalities in the chemical steps that lead to haeme production. The different types of porphyria show different signs and symptoms and can be strongly influenced by environmental factors. Mutations of the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD) gene have been shown to be causative for porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) in humans. Porphyria is a rare disorder in livestock. Although disorders of haeme biosynthesis have been described in cattle, pigs, sheep and cats, PCT has only been reported in pigs. We observed typical signs of porphyria (photosensitivity and porphyrinuria) in a flock of German Blackface sheep and postulated that the porphyria could be caused by a mutation in the UROD gene. To investigate this, we cloned and sequenced the ovine UROD gene. We identified a single point mutation (C --> T) in UROD which leads to an amino acid substitution at Leu 131 Pro, which is located within the active cleft site of the UROD protein.     

迟缓爱德华菌的外膜蛋白图谱及耐药性分析

分析 2 7株不同来源的迟缓爱德华菌 (Et)的外膜蛋白 (OMP) ,可分为A～H 8个型。 2 1株致病株与 6株非致病株有明显不同的图谱。致病株OMP条带多而深浓 ,并且相同来源的菌株有几乎一致的图谱。其中国内致病株以E型为主 ,与ATCC参考株相似。非致病株OMP条带则浅而稀疏 ,来源虽不同 ,但图谱极类似。另外 ,6株非致病株对磺胺、庆大、四环素等抗生素普遍耐药 ,而致病株除少数几株外 ,均对抗生素有不同程度的敏感     

内蒙古图牧吉冬季大鸨调查初报

大鸨(Otis tarda)属大型草原鸟类,过去曾广泛分布于黑龙江省西部及内蒙古的东部,目前已经处于濒危状态。图牧吉自然保护区是大鸨的主要栖息地,繁殖数量约200多只。1998年开始记录到越冬大鸨个体,2003年冬季,本区越冬数量达到165只(其中保护区内记录到85只)。本文对图牧吉自然保护区大鸨的越冬数量分布进行了调查,并对大鸨越冬行为及食性进行了初步的观察和分析,对大鸨越冬地管理及越冬鸟类的保护提出了建议。     

X-连锁迟发性脊椎骨骺发育不良基因剪接受体突变对mRNA加工的影响

X-连锁迟发性脊椎骨骺发育不良（spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda, SEDL）是一种少见的由SEDL基因突变引起的骨软骨发育障碍性疾病,病变主要累及腰椎和近端承重大关节。为研究SEDL基因剪接受体突变(IVS2 -2A→C)对mRNA加工的影响,从该突变所致SEDL患者,以及健康对照者外周血中提取总RNA,逆转录合成cDNA, 以此为模板进行聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction, PCR）,对PCR扩增产物采用双向直接测序和非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, PAGE)方法进行分析。测序结果发现IVS2-2A→C突变患者的一种cDNA外显子2与外显子4直接拼接,显示外显子3全部丢失;另一种cDNA外显子1与外显子4拼接,显示外显子2和外显子3均缺失;在健康对照者也发现了外显子2缺失的cDNA。PAGE发现患者和对照者都存在两种RT-PCR产物,长度分别为567bp、425bp以及679bp、537bp,证实了测序结果。这说明SEDL基因第二内含子剪接受体突变（IVS2-2A→C）导致其外显子3在mRNA加工过程中全部丢失,由于SEDL基因的翻译起始位点位于外显子3,它的缺失可能使生成的mRNA不能被翻译,从而引起SEDL发生;外显子2位于5′ UTR,它的缺失提示SEDL基因存在选择性剪接,正常人也存在缺失外显子2的cDNA,说明这种选择性剪接对临床表型的影响似乎并不大,它对基因表达水平和表达调控是否有影响还需要进一步研究。     

Green fluorescent protein-tagged Edwardsiella tarda reveals portal of entry in fish

The application of green fluorescent protein (GFP) to identify the portal(s) of entry of bacterial pathogens in animal hosts was studied using the fish pathogen Edwardsiella tarda and blue gourami, Trichogaster trichopterus. An immersion challenge model was utilized to mimic natural infection conditions in fish. Gastrointestinal tract, gills and the body surface of fish were found to be the sites of entry of virulent E. tarda (PPD130/91) by histological and infection kinetics studies. On the other hand, avirulent E. tarda (PPD125/87) was mainly found in the gastrointestinal tract, and the bacterial population in tissue declined over a period of 7 days.     

迟缓爱德华氏菌中甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶的胞外分泌调控

【目的】迟缓爱德华氏菌甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)是糖酵解途径中关键酶之一,前期研究证实是一种广谱性抗原,可作为水产养殖细菌病免疫防治中疫苗的开发靶点。本文探究迟缓爱德华氏菌甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶的胞外分泌机制。【方法】通过Western blot和ELISA方法考察迟缓爱德华氏菌经典分泌系统缺失株GAPDH胞外分泌情况;使用ELISA方法对迟缓爱德华氏菌突变体文库的GAPDH胞外分泌进行了大规模筛查,并结合q RT-PCR对筛查得到的插入失活株进行了表达分析。【结果】经典分泌系统与GAPDH的胞外分泌存在一定相关性。突变体文库的大规模筛查得到两株GAPDH分泌量明显增加的插入失活株Δesr A和Δesr C,这两个基因的失活会导致GAPDH的胞外分泌量显著上调。【结论】迟缓爱德华氏菌GAPDH的胞外分泌受Esr A和Esr C负调控。     

迟缓爱德华氏菌Eta1-L-Gapdh融合蛋白在蓝藻中的表达

在蓝藻中表达迟缓爱德华氏菌Eta1-L-Gapdh融合蛋白。提取迟缓爱德华氏菌基因组DNA为模板,用PCR技术分别扩增两个已知具有较强免疫原性的基因eta1和gapdh,再采用重叠延伸PCR将这两个基因融合,获得目的融合基因eta1-L-gapdh。将目的基因连接到表达载体pRL489的两个Bam H I酶切位点之间构建表达载体,用质粒提取、PCR、酶切、测序等手段对表达载体进行验证。验证正确的表达载体通过三亲接合转化野生鱼腥藻PCC7120,用新霉素抗性筛选出转基因藻落,通过质粒提取和PCR验证转基因藻。用RT-PCR和Western-blot分别从转录水平和翻译水平对转基因藻中融合基因的表达进行了检测。结果表明,含目的基因的表达载体构建成功,目的基因在蓝藻中转录并表达蛋白,该蛋白在蓝藻中的表达量为2.46%。