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1.
Populations of the Australian sleepy lizard, Tiliqua rugosa, near Mt. Mary, South Australia carry natural infestations of two tick species Aponomma hydrosauri and Amblyomma limbatum. In field experiments at two sites, 18 km apart, lizards with experimentally increased tick loads had smaller home ranges,
moved shorter distances in a day, and were found basking more but moving less often than lizards from which ticks were experimentally
removed. The results were consistent for adult lizards in two years, and for sub-adults in a third year. Laboratory trials
showed that juvenile lizards that had tick infestations had lower sprint speeds than uninfested siblings, and that adults
with tick infestations had less endurance than those that were uninfested. The results contrast with those of a previous survey
that showed that lizards with high tick loads had greater body size and remained longer at a site, but indicate that there
may be a balance, for lizards, between the fitness advantages in occupying habitats with high-quality resources, and the costs
from parasites that also prefer those habitats.
Received: 02 March 1999 / Accepted: 07 October 1999 相似文献
2.
The critical weed-free period in organically-grown winter wheat 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J P WELSH H A J BULSON C E STOPES R J FROUD-WILLIAMS A J MURDOCH 《The Annals of applied biology》1999,134(3):315-320
Two experiments were conducted in central southern England between September 1994 and August 1996 to identify the critical weed-free period in organically grown winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv. Mercia). In competition with a mixed weed infestation of predominately Alopecurus myosuroides and Tripleurospermum inodorum it was found that wheat yield decreased as the duration of the weed-infested period increased and that the crop needed to be kept free of weeds from sowing in order to completely avoid any yield loss. Also, weeds emerging in the wheat crop (predominately T. inodorum) during the growing season had a significant and detrimental effect on yield. The existence of the critical period, therefore, depends on the imposition of an acceptable yield loss. If a 5% yield loss gives a marginal benefit compared with the cost of weed control, the critical period will begin at 506°C days after sowing (November) and end at 1023°C days after sowing (February). This information could be used by farmers to target mechanical weeding operations to control weeds at a time that will have maximum benefit to the crop. 相似文献
3.
《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(4):567-571
Casein was conjugated with dextran and galactomannan in a controlled dry state at a relative humidity of 79% and at 60°C for 24 hr. The covalent attachment of polysaccharides to casein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and HPLC. The emulsifying activity of the casein-dextran and casein-galactomannan conjugates was 1.5 times higher than that of casein. The emulsion stability of the casein-dextran and casein-galactomannan conjugates was 10 times higher than that of casein. The improvement in these emulsifying properties reached a steady state when the conjugation of casein with polysaccharide was done for 24 hr in a controlled dry state, suggesting the rapid formation of conjugates through a Maillard reaction in the case of casein. Compared to commercial emulsifiers, the casein-polysaccharide conjugates showed better emulsifying properties in acidic and high-salt concentration systems. 相似文献
4.
Gerald Ozanne 《Aerobiologia》1990,6(1):8-10
Summary Under the ?Bois plus? scheme, the CTBA is currently developing a third party certification, based on the Scrivener law, with the aim of defending
the consumers' interests. At this early stage, wood preservatives and treated wood are checked for the efficacy of treatments
in order to ensure the stability and security of works in buildings and civil engineering. According to the different classes
of risks in service, ?Bois plus? provides the most adeguate level of protection. In the close future, the industry is planning to incorporate, with the help
of the CTBA and experts, health criteria within the frame of the ?Bois plus? certification scheme. The means could beSafety indexes, which are objectives of quality for professionals.Safety indexes are concentrations of substances in wood which can be taken as safe for humans and the general environment, while still toxic
for the wood pests.
This attractive experience aims to make with the brandname ?Bois plus? a synonym of efficacy and safety. This approach meets the essential requirements 1, 3, 4 of the 89/106 EEC directive: mechanical
resistance and stability/hygiene, health and environment/safety in use. 相似文献
5.
6.
Abstract Electromyographic recordings were made from muscles that extend the trochanter/femur of each of the six legs of American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana (L.), while the insects swam in water. The recordings showed two novel features. (1) During swimming, muscle activity in different legs was coordinated in the alternating tripod pattern commonly seen during free walking on land, not in the pattern of synchronous leg pairs common to other large terrestrial insects in water. (2) Fast axons were usually recruited along with slow axons, even when the insect swam at a moderate pace. Fast axon activity always started after the middle of the slow axon burst in intact insects, but vanished from most bursts in the stump of the leg after amputation of the femur. The alternating tripod pattern was maintained even after amputation. Possible causes of fast axon recruitment are discussed. 相似文献
7.
J. A. BUNCE 《Plant, cell & environment》1988,11(3):205-208
Abstract. Gas exchange measurements were made on single leaves of three C3 and one C4 species at air speeds of 0.4 and 4.0 m s−1 to determine if boundary layer conductance substantially affected the substomatal pressure of carbon dioxide. Boundary layer conductances to water vapour were 0.4 to 0.5 mol m−2 s−1 at the lower air speed, and 1.2 to 1.5 mol m−2 s−1 at the higher air speed. Substomatal carbon dioxide pressures were about 5 Pa lower at low boundary layer conductance in the C3 species, and about 3 Pa lower in the C4 species when measurements were made at high and moderate photosynthetic photon flux densities. No evidence of stomatal adjustment to altered boundary layer conductance was found. Photosynthetic rates at high photon flux densities were reduced by about 20% at the low air speed in the C3 species. The commonly reported values of substomatal carbon dioxide pressure for C3 and C4 species were found to occur only when measurements were made at the higher air speed. 相似文献
8.
Body morphology is said to be the all important factor in determining swimming prowess in copepods. Fusion and differentiation of the body (tagmosis) is coupled with advance into the pelagic realm of the Gymnoplea and is thought, by the provision of a rigid thoracic tagma, to promote swimming efficiency. Thus pelagic copepods are believed to be secondarily derived from bottom dwelling predecessors. Experimental evidence is presented to show that the majority of bottom dwelling harpacticoid families, including the most primitive and the most advanced, have representatives that undergo active sustained swimming movements. Such a widespread occurrence is indicative of a conservative evolutionary trait. This primitive behaviour is linked to precopulatory association which takes place necessarily in the water column; it is a feature retained by representatives of all copepod orders. The implication of cephalic appendage vibration (feeding currents) is the essential feature in the swimming success of the Gymnoplea; planktonic efficiency in these is suggested to have evolved coincident with, rather than because of increased tagmosis. 相似文献
9.
10.
Claudio Nicolini Andrew S. Belmont Antonietta Martelli 《Cell biochemistry and biophysics》1986,8(2):103-117
Using HeLa S-3 cells synchronized by selective detachment, in this paper we report a parallel study of nuclear morphology
and autoradiography grain patterns between middle G1 and middle S phases: Our results show two distinct [3H]-thymidine labeling patterns. The first “peripheral” labeling pattern has a characteristic nuclear size distribution, in
contrast to the heterogeneous and varying size distributions of Feulgen-stained nuclei, and apparently is characteristic of
very early S phase. The sizes of the second labeling pattern—homogeneous or inhomogeneous grain distribution throughout the
nucleus—are equal or larger than the first and vary with S phase progression. Together, the corresponding nuclear sizes of
the labeled nuclei represent the larger extreme of nuclear areas, and the labeling index closely parallels the fraction of
nuclei with areas larger than the minimum size of the labeled nuclei. These results suggest a characteristic nuclear size
(reflecting unique intranuclear DNA distribution) as a necessary, if not sufficient, requirement for S phase initiation. Parallel
experimentation with rat liver cells—synchronized in vivo by partial hepatectomy and analyzed by thin section autoradiography—confirms
the existence of a peripheral labeling pattern in both the very early part and the very late part of S phase, which reconciles
our data with previous results and points to the fact that both initiation and termination sites for DNA replication are near
the nuclear periphery. 相似文献