肝胆显像螯合物—氮基三乙酸单酰苯胺及其类似物的合成

本课题合成四个氮基三乙酸单酰苯胺(IDA)类及其类似物肝胆显像螯合物。(1)用家兔做了肝胆显像扫描实验,其显像效果较好。(2)～(3)为未见报道的化合物。     

Dissolution of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus polyhedra by the digestive fluid of Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) larvae

The dissolution of polyhedra of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus by digestive fluid collected from 5th stage Trichoplusia ni larvae was studied in vitro. Observations were made at timed intervals using phase contrast microscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Dissolution occurred rapidly and in a detectable sequence. Under phase contrast, most polyhedra lost their refringence by 0.5 min. The polyhedra became rounded in appearance with small protuberances on the surface and Brownian movement was observed within. After 1 min, the envelope of most polyhedra had ruptured, releasing the enclosed virions. The protuberances were also observed under the scanning electron microscope after digestion for 0.5 min. Many shell fragments devoid of internal contents were seen after more lengthy digestion. Internal structural changes were revealed by electron microscopy. After 1 min of exposure, polyhedra were observed in all stages of dissolution. By 3 min, only virions, scattered about in heterogeneous material, could be distinguished.     

Background selection by the peppered moth (Biston betularia Linn.): individual differences

The hypothesis that dimorphically coloured, cryptic moths select appropriate rest sites by comparing their body scales to substrate reflectance was tested using typical and melanic morphs of the peppered moth, Biston betularia (L.). Experiments designed to block the individual's inspection of its inherited colour phenotype do not support Kettlewell's contrast/conflict (self-inspection) hypothesis. Instead, tracking of marked moths over successive days revealed individual differences in rest-site selection which were not related to treatments, experience (imprinting), nor closely to a moth's inherited colour pattern. Differences between family broods indicate that some genetic bias in background selection exists. The production of artificially selected lines with consistent but opposing preferences will allow us to investigate the co-evolution of pattern and behaviour.     

In Vivo Quantitative Assessment of Myocardial Structure,Function, Perfusion and Viability Using Cardiac Micro-computed Tomography

The use of Micro-Computed Tomography (MicroCT) for in vivo studies of small animals as models of human disease has risen tremendously due to the fact that MicroCT provides quantitative high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) anatomical data non-destructively and longitudinally. Most importantly, with the development of a novel preclinical iodinated contrast agent called eXIA160, functional and metabolic assessment of the heart became possible. However, prior to the advent of commercial MicroCT scanners equipped with X-ray flat-panel detector technology and easy-to-use cardio-respiratory gating, preclinical studies of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in small animals required a MicroCT technologist with advanced skills, and thus were impractical for widespread implementation. The goal of this work is to provide a practical guide to the use of the high-speed Quantum FX MicroCT system for comprehensive determination of myocardial global and regional function along with assessment of myocardial perfusion, metabolism and viability in healthy mice and in a cardiac ischemia mouse model induced by permanent occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD).     

Behavioural response of winged aphids to visual contrasts in the field

To test the behavioural response of winged aphid spring migrants to visual contrasts, we conducted a field trial in which water traps (painted in seven different shades of green and yellow) were set up on uncovered soil and on coloured boards (also painted in seven different colours including black, brown and various shades of green). In total, 56 trap–background combinations were tested. Out of the 4904 aphid individuals caught, 64.5% belonged to Aphis ssp. Using spectral measurements of both traps and backgrounds, as well as information on insect spectral sensitivity, an empirical colour choice model was built based on photoreceptor adaptation to the background, and colour opponency of the green and blue photoreceptor. Specifically, the visual input variable C* represents the difference between green–blue colour opponency values of the trap and the background. When C* > 0, the number of aphids linearly increased with C*. The model explained 64% of the behavioural response of the aphids. Applied to intercropping scenarios of sugar beet, the behavioural model showed a higher visual attractivity of a monocrop sugar beet than intercropped sugar beet. Implications for the use of mulches and for increasing plant diversity in cropping systems are discussed.     

磁性纳米材料的生物医学应用进展

以四氧化三铁为代表的医用磁性纳米材料具有独特的磁学性能、表面易功能化、良好的生物学相容性等特点,在纳米医学相关领域展现出巨大的应用前景,特别是近年来它作为可介导外场的智能材料,在材料设计和生物医学应用方面均取得了突破性的进展.鉴于此,本文围绕磁性氧化铁纳米材料的生物医学应用,着重介绍近年来其在磁共振影像探针、磁热和磁力效应的生物医学应用、诊疗一体化以及纳米酶催化等领域的研究进展,并对磁性纳米材料在生物医学领域未来的发展方向进行了展望.     

BAmSA: Visualising transmembrane regions in protein complexes using biotinylated amphipols and electron microscopy

Membrane protein (MP) complexes play key roles in all living cells. Their structural characterisation is hampered by difficulties in purifying and crystallising them. Recent progress in electron microscopy (EM) have revolutionised the field, not only by providing higher-resolution structures for previously characterised MPs but also by yielding first glimpses into the structure of larger and more challenging complexes, such as bacterial secretion systems. However, the resolution of pioneering EM structures may be difficult and their interpretation requires clues regarding the overall organisation of the complexes. In this context, we present BAmSA, a new method for localising transmembrane (TM) regions in MP complexes, using a general procedure that allows tagging them without resorting to neither genetic nor chemical modification. Labels bound to TM regions can be visualised directly on raw negative-stain EM images, on class averages, or on three-dimensional reconstructions, providing a novel strategy to explore the organisation of MP complexes.     

涡旋磁纳米颗粒——崭新的生物医用磁性纳米平台

相比于超顺磁性纳米颗粒,具有涡旋磁畴的磁性纳米颗粒,由于独特的磁化闭合分布、较大的粒径尺寸及外加磁场中的磁化翻转特性,使得其兼具弱的颗粒间磁相互作用和更优异的磁学性能,在生物医学领域展现出了更好的应用优势和潜力.本综述结合近年来国内外对涡旋磁畴的研究及涡旋磁纳米颗粒在生物医学领域的报道,提出了一类新型的生物医用涡旋磁溶胶体系,并以涡旋磁氧化铁纳米盘和纳米环为例,介绍了涡旋磁纳米颗粒的化学合成,并着重论述了这类具有独特涡旋畴结构的纳米颗粒在磁共振成像、抗肿瘤治疗等生物医学应用上的最新研究进展.     

Predator perception of detritus and eggsac decorations spun by orb-web spiders Cyclosa octotuberculata:Do they function to camouflage the spiders?

Camouflage is one of the most widespread and powerful strategies that animals use to make detection/recognition more difficult. Many orb-web spiders of the genus Cyclosa add prey remains, plant debris, moults, and/or eggsacs to their webs called web decorations. Web decorations resembling spider body colour pattern have been considered to camouflage the spider from predators. While this camouflage is obvious from a human's perspective, it has rarely been investigated from a predator's perspective. In this s...