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2.
Vincent A. Murphy Quentin R. Smith Stanley I. Rapoport 《Journal of neurochemistry》1988,51(6):1777-1782
Male Fischer-344 rats, 21 days old, were fed diets containing 0 (LOD), 2,200 (CONT), or 440,000 (HID) international units of vitamin D3 per kilogram for 12 weeks. [Ca] was measured in plasma, CSF, brain, and choroid plexus. In addition, 45Ca and 36Cl transfer coefficients (KCa and KCl) for uptake from blood into CSF and brain were determined. Although plasma ionized [Ca]s in LOD and HID rats were 50% and 136%, respectively, of values in CONT animals, CSF and brain [Ca]s ranged from only 85% to 110% of respective CONT values. Choroid plexus [Ca] was increased by 37% after HID diet, but was decreased only 10% after LOD. KCa values at CSF, parietal cortex, and pons-medulla were negatively correlated with plasma ionized [Ca], whereas KCl values at CSF and brain were not different between the diet groups. The findings demonstrate that central nervous system [Ca] is maintained during chronic hypo- or hypercalcemia by saturable transport of Ca at brain barrier membranes. This transport does not seem to involve modulation by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. 相似文献
3.
Spatial variability in nutrient concentrations in the intertidal sediments and pore waters has been studied along downshore
transects and in core profiles at three locations in the Shannon estuary on the west coast of Ireland. The parameters measured
were N, as Kjeldahl N, NO3, NO2, and NH3, and P as total P and PO4 along with a range of other environmental variables such as salinity and sediment organic content.
The concentrations of all nutrients varied with season, but winter values were generally low in comparison with polluted mainland
european estuaries. There was a great deal of variation in nutrient concentrations along the transects, and coefficients of
variability of up to 153% (NH3), 173% (NO3), 129% (NO2) and 117% (PO4) were found. Overall, there was little evidence of any trends in concentration in any of the nutrients from the top to the
bottom of the transects, although it was occasionally possible to link particular instances to local conditions such as the
presence of the channel or a stream.
Sediment core profiles showed typical patterns, with NO3 concentrations for example being highest in surface sediments, while NH3 and PO4 concentrations increased with depth. Rather surprisingly perhaps, NO3 could still be detected on occasion at depths of up to 20 cm, well below the Redox Potential Discontinuity (RPD) and the
limit of oxygen penetration which oxygen microelectrodes had measured as being within a few mm of the surface. This was ascribed
to the activities of the macrofauna, in that the oxidised sediment which lined the burrows could clearly be seen in some cores.
This study not only shows that nutrient distributions along estuarine gradients are linked to physicochemical factors such
as oxygenation and freshwater/marine influence, but also that sediment instability, through random physical events such as
storms, and macrofaunal activity play an important role and that these latter factors deserve closer attention. 相似文献
4.
Chlorogenic acid modifies plasma and liver concentrations of: cholesterol,triacylglycerol, and minerals in (fa/fa) Zucker rats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chlorogenic acid, a phenolic compound found ubiquitously in plants, is an in vitro antioxidant and metal chelator. Some derivatives of chlorogenic acid are hypoglycemic agents and may affect lipid metabolism. Concentrations of cholesterol and triacylglycerols are of interest due to their association with diseases such as non-insulin-dependent-diabetes- mellitus and obese insulin resistance. As little is known about the effects of chlorogenic acid in vivo, studies using obese, hyperlipidemic, and insulin resistant (fa/fa) Zucker rats were conducted to test the effect of chlorogenic acid on fasting plasma glucose, plasma and liver triacylglycerols and cholesterol concentrations. Aditionally, the effects of chlorogenic acid on selected mineral concentrations in plasma, spleen, and liver were determined. Rats were implanted with jugular vein catheters. Chlorogenic acid was infused (5 mg/Kg body weight/day) for 3 weeks via intravenous infusion. Chlorogenic acid did not promote sustained hypoglycemia and significantly lowered the postprandial peak response to a glucose challenge when compared to the same group of rats before Chlorogenic acid treatment. In Chlorogenic acid-treated rats, fasting plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerols concentrations significantly decreased by 44% and 58% respectively, as did in liver triacylglycerols concentrations (24%). We did not find differences (p > 0.05) in adipose triacylglycerols concentration. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the plasma, liver, and spleen concentration of selected minerals were found in chlorogenic acid-treated rats. In vivo, chlorogenic acid was found to improve glucose tolerance, decreased some plasma and liver lipids, and improve mineral pool distribution under the conditions of this study. 相似文献
5.
基因组大小在被子植物物种之间存在着巨大的变异, 但目前对不同生活型被子植物功能性状与基因组大小的关系缺乏统一的认识。本研究基于被子植物245科2,226属11,215个物种的基因组大小数据, 探讨了不同生活型物种种子重量、最大植株高度和叶片氮、磷含量4个功能性状与基因组大小之间的关系。结果表明, 被子植物最大植株高度和种子重量与基因组大小间的关系在草本和木本植物中存在显著差异。草本植物最大植株高度与基因组大小的关系不显著, 但种子重量与其呈极显著的正相关关系。木本植物最大植株高度与基因组大小显著负相关, 但种子重量与其关系不显著。木本植物叶片氮含量与基因组大小呈显著正相关, 但其他生活型植物的叶片氮、磷含量与基因组大小均无显著相关性。本研究表明被子植物功能性状与基因组大小的相关性在不同生活型间存在差异, 这为深入研究植物多种功能性状和植物生活型与基因组大小的权衡关系在植物演化和生态适应中的作用提供了重要依据。 相似文献
6.
7.
The effect of size on the accumulation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Fe and Zn in the muscle and viscera of the gastropodsMonodonta turbinata andCerithium vulgatum was investigated. The concentration of the essential metals Cr, Mn and Ni and the non-essential metal Cd decreased with increasing
size in both of the species and tissues. The concentration of the essential metals Cu, Fe and Zn, showed a less constant relation
with size. 相似文献
8.
贵州葡萄属野生种光合特性的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为掌握野生葡萄种间和种内不同单株间的光合特性差异,利用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统测定了7种野生葡萄25个单株的光合参数.结果表明:野生葡萄种间光合特性差异明显,美丽葡萄净光合速率最高,其次是刺葡萄,腺枝葡萄的净光合速率最低.野生葡萄种内不同单株间的光合指标多样性丰富,单株间光合特性差异最大的是葛藟葡萄;种内不同单株间原产地气候条件相似,其光合特性差异较小,而原产地气候差异大的单株光合特性差异也大;野生葡萄的光合速率调控机制多样,非气孔因素调控在野生葡萄种群内非常普遍. 相似文献
9.
The concentrations of selected elements and their biological absorption coefficients were determined for leaves from plants in native stands and reciprocal transplant gardens to determine whether niche differentiation occurs among the parental taxa and their hybrids in the big sagebrush hybrid zone in Utah. The bounded hybrid superiority model predicts such niche differentiation, while the ecologically neutral dynamic equilibrium model predicts complete niche overlap, at least in the vicinity of the hybrid zone. The concentrations of elements in the leaves of site-indigenous sagebrush and the biological absorption coefficients differed significantly between the subspecies and between either parental taxon and hybrids. Within reciprocal transplant gardens, both the elemental concentrations and the biological absorption coefficients differed among the gardens and taxa. Significant genotype-by-environment interactions were observed for several essential elements. Niche differentiation was evident as correspondence analyses ordinated the parental taxa and hybrids into separate groups even when raised in the same garden. These findings support the ecologically based bounded hybrid superiority model and suggest that the big sagebrush parental taxa and their hybrids have adapted to their respective unique habitats. 相似文献
10.
Hofmann U Maier K Niebel A Vacun G Reuss M Mauch K 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2008,100(2):344-354
An experimental set-up for acquiring metabolite and transient (13)C-labeling data in mammalian cells is presented. An efficient sampling procedure was established for hepatic cells cultured in six-well plates as a monolayer attached to collagen, which allowed simultaneous quenching of metabolism and extraction of the intracellular intermediates of interest. Extracellular concentrations of glucose, amino acids, lactate, pyruvate, and urea were determined by GC-MS procedures and were used for estimation of metabolic uptake and excretion rates. Sensitive LC-MS and GC-MS methods were used to quantify the intracellular intermediates of tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, and pentose phosphate pathway and for the determination of isotopomer fractions of the respective metabolites. Mass isotopomer fractions were determined in a transient (13)C-labeling experiment using (13)C-labeled glucose as substrate. The absolute amounts of intracellular metabolites were obtained from a non-labeled experiment carried out in exactly the same way as the (13)C-labeling experiment, except that the media contained naturally labeled glucose only. Estimation of intracellular metabolic fluxes from the presented data is addressed in part II of this contribution. 相似文献