Treatment of periodontal disease using xanthan based chlorhexidine gel

People of all ages are suffering from periodontal disease. It causes indirect damage in the oral cavity. It is of interest to evaluate the efficacy of xanthan-based chlorhexidine gel (Xan-CHX) in patients with mild-severe chronic periodontitis. Five patients with 60 sites were divided in two groups. Group A (treated with SRP) and group B (treated with Chlosite i.e., SRP + CHL). The recorded clinical parameters were Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), Bleeding index (BI), and Clinical attachment Level (CAL) with sub gingival plaque subjected to microbial analysis. Significant reduction was observed in both groups. However, group B (treated with Chlosite i.e., SRP + CHL) showed statistically significant improvement on above mentioned parameters as compared to group A. Data suggest that in the treatment of periodontal disease (viz. PI, GI, BI and CAL) combination of SRP and Chlosite showed added benefits over only SRP.     

Views on antioxidant mouthwashes as adjunct in periodontal therapy

Clinical decision is often difficult with chlorhexidine mouthwash. The use of antioxidant mouthwashes for the treatment of periodontal disease is in practise. Therefore, it is of interest to collect gleaned information on Antioxidant mouthwashes as periodontal therapy from known literature. Improvement in treatment using antioxidant mouthwashes is reported in several studies. The mouthwash with antioxidants has similar anti-gingivitis, antiplaque and antimicrobial effects as that of chlorhexidine mouthwash.     

Dose-response effect of chlorhexidine on a multispecies oral biofilm formed on pure titanium and on a titanium-zirconium alloy

Abstract

This study aimed to test the dose-response effect of chlorhexidine on multispecies biofilms formed on commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and titanium-zirconium (TiZr) alloy. Biofilms were formed on cpTi and TiZr discs and treated two times per day with five different chlorhexidine concentrations (0.12, 0.20, 0.50, 1, 2%). The biofilms were collected for microbiological, biochemical and microscopic analyses. The significance of differences among groups was evaluated by linear regression, ANOVA, Bonferroni and Tukey tests. The mean number of colony-forming units decreased as the chlorhexidine concentration increased for both cpTi and TiZr (p?<?0.05). The maximum effect was observed with the 0.5% concentration. Confocal microscopy images suggested an increase in the number of dead bacterial cells with increased chlorhexidine concentration. The biofilm pH increased after chlorhexidine exposure (p?<?0.05). Chlorhexidine showed an antimicrobial dose-response effect in controlling biofilm on cpTi and TiZr. 0.5% chlorhexidine can be used to achieve the maximum antimicrobial effect on both materials.     

氯己定联合联苯苄唑对念珠菌的协同抗菌活性

本文用两种方法评价了联苯苄唑与氯己定联用对临床分离念珠菌的抑菌活性。微量液基稀释法显示,氯己定单独作用于念珠菌时,对念珠菌没有明显的抑制作用,最低抑菌浓度均大于16μg/mL;与联苯苄唑联合应用时,对17株念珠菌均表现为协同抑菌作用。纸片扩散法也观察到,含氯己定和联苯苄唑的纸片对4种念珠菌均能产生直径大于单药纸片的抑菌圈。结果显示,联苯苄唑联合低浓度氯己定对多种念珠菌具有协同抑菌作用。     

Surface disinfection properties of the combination of an antimicrobial peptide,ranalexin, with an endopeptidase,lysostaphin, against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Aims: To characterize the antibacterial synergy of the antimicrobial peptide, ranalexin, used in combination with the anti‐staphylococcal endopeptidase, lysostaphin, against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and to assess the combination’s potential as a topical disinfectant or decolonizing agent for MRSA. MRSA causes potentially lethal infections, and pre‐operative patients colonized with MRSA are often treated with chlorhexidine digluconate and mupirocin cream to eradicate carriage. However, chlorhexidine is unsuitable for some patients, and mupirocin resistance is increasingly encountered, indicating new agents are required. Methods and Results: Using an ex vivo assay, ranalexin and lysostaphin tested in combination reduced viable MRSA on human skin to a greater extent than either compound individually. The combination killed bacteria within 5 min and remained effective and synergistic even in high salt and low pH conditions. Conclusions: The combination is active against MRSA on human skin and under conditions that may be encountered in sweat. Significance and Impact of the Study: Although the exact mechanism of activity remains unresolved, considering its specific spectrum of activity, fast killing kinetics and low likelihood of resistance arising, the combination of ranalexin with lysostaphin warrants consideration as a new agent to eradicate nasal and skin carriage of Staph. aureus, including MRSA.     

洗必泰与新洁尔灭的协同杀菌效果

采用悬液定量杀菌试验,以协同系数T/E值作为评价指标,对洗必泰与新洁尔灭的协同杀菌效果进行了实验室研究。发现0.1%洗必泰与0.1%新洁尔灭协同作用2 min,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和白色念珠菌均起到了显著协同杀菌效果。     

Action of chlorhexidine on buddingCandida albicans: Scanning and transmission electron microscopic study

Chlorhexidine is widely used as a bacterial drug whose method of action has been well described in bacteria. Its fungicidal properties have been proved. We show here the effects of a sublethal dose of a preparation of digluconate of chlorhexidine on buddingCandida albicans. A fungistatic action is revealed by a decrease in the percentage of budding cells, and two main types of alterations can be observed with transmission electron microscopy (T.E.M.): a loss of cytoplasmic components and a coagulation of nucleoproteins. With scanning electron microscopy (S.E.M.), the cell walls show morphological modifications.     

The short-term effects of various oral care methods in dependent elderly: comparison between toothbrushing, tongue cleaning with sponge brush and wiping on oral mucous membrane by chlorhexidine

doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00577.x The short‐term effects of various oral care methods in dependent elderly: comparison between toothbrushing, tongue cleaning with sponge brush and wiping on oral mucous membrane by chlorhexidine Objectives: To explore the short‐term effects from toothbrushing, tongue cleaning with sponge brush and wiping on oral mucous membrane by chlorhexidine. Background: Numerous reports have been seen in recent years proving the effectiveness of mouth cleaning with a toothbrush for the prevention of respiratory infections among the dependent elderly. However, the short‐term effects from each oral care method have not yet been clarified. Hence, an investigation was conducted by having each subject independently perform various oral care methods for five consecutive days. Materials and Methods: The subjects consisted of 12 assistance‐dependent elderly who have difficulties with tooth brushing by themselves, have 10 or more residual teeth and are not yet using plate dentures. After the pre‐intervention examination, each of the following oral care methods were performed on the same subject on an approximately three week basis: 1) Tooth brushing 2)Tongue cleaning with sponge brush 3)Wiping on oral mucous with sponge brush by chlorhexidine. Each method was performed independently, once a day for 5 consecutive days and the subjects were reexamined on the sixth day for comparative verification. Results: Consequently, toothbrushing decreased the plaque index and gingival index significantly and an improvement of oral malodour was also acknowledged (p < 0.01). Tongue cleaning with a sponge brush decreased the tongue coat score significantly (p < 0.05) and oral malodour was also improved (p < 0.01). Wiping on oral mucous with a sponge brush soaked in chlorhexidine significantly decreased opportunistic infections in the pharynx region (p < 0.05). Conclusions: It was suggested that the use of not only a toothbrush but also chlorhexidine gluconate may be indicated for dependent elderly people in whom pathogens of opportunistic infection are detected.     

Complex formation of chlorhexidine gluconate with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H NMR)

The complex formation of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX-G₂) with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) was studied using NMR spectroscopy. The results revealed that this surfactant agent shows an monomer/aggregate equilibrium, which is dependent on the concentration of this drug. This equilibrium can be modified by the presence of HPβCD, which reduces the aggregation of the CHX-G₂ molecules. An inclusion process of the CHX-G₂ aromatic residue within the cyclodextrin cavity was confirmed by 2D ROESY spectroscopy. ¹H NMR titration studies of CHX-G₂ with HPβCD in D₂O confirmed the formation of higher order complexes between CHX-G₂ and HPβCD. Moreover, the addition of HPβCD into CHX-G₂ solutions forms insoluble aggregates. Such insoluble aggregates may result in the stacking of CHX-G₂ molecules on the surface of the CHX-G₂:HPβCD complexes.