零下低温对杂交杨树皮层膜脂组成的影响

以不耐寒的美洲黑杨（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｄｅｌｔｏｉｄｅｓｃｖ．“Ｌｕｘ”Ｉ－６９／５５,父本）和耐寒性较强的欧美杨（Ｐ．ｅｕｒａｍｅｒｉｃａｎａｃｌｃｖ．Ｉ－４５／５１,母本）的４个杂交Ｆ＿１代无性系（９５杨、５５９杨、６００杨和１３８１杨）为材料,分析了零下低温寒潮前后枝条皮层的脂质组成。结果表明,寒潮影响下,皮层中磷脂含量增加而组成基本不变,膜脂脂肪酸组成的变化规律是：寒潮前脂肪酸不饱和指数（ＩＵＦＡ）值大的无性系,寒潮前后的ＩＵＦＡ值变化量小;寒潮前ＩＵＦＡ值较小的无性系,寒潮前后ＩＵＦＡ值变化量较大。本文借用力学概念,提出相对抗性概念,给出杨树无性系的相对抗性序列。序列表明Ｆ＿１代无性系的耐寒性已较不耐寒的父本提高,这与田间观察基本一致。     

外源亚精胺对棉花幼苗抗冷性的生理生态特征影响

以棉花幼苗为试材,分析不同浓度的亚精胺（Spermidine,Spd）（0．01mmol／L、0．10mmol／L、0．50mmol／L和1．00mmol／L）处理对棉花幼苗生长、生理生态特性的影响,以弄清Spd增强棉花抗冷性的效果及其生理机制。结果表明,Spd预处理棉花叶片可提高冷胁迫条件下棉花幼苗抗冷性,具体表现为Spd处理棉花幼苗可增加幼苗体内干物质和含水量,降低叶片冷害指数、电解质渗漏率和丙二醛（MDA）含量,增强超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,提高抗坏血酸、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量。表明Spd可以改变冷胁迫条件下棉花幼苗体内生理生化指标,从而缓解冷胁迫对棉花的伤害,其中以0．50mmol／L的Spd处理效果较理想。     

低温处理对植物幼苗生长及根系ATPase同工酶的影响

过去所得的实验表明,植物中ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性变化与耐冷性有关。春小麦和番茄对低温是非常敏感的,当将这两种植物的幼苗在低温下培养时,质膜ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性下降甚至消失。相反,在冬小麦中,当幼苗在低温下处理时,质膜ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性增加．为了研究ＡＴＰａｓｅ同工酶变化与植物耐冷性之间的关系,以小麦等四种植物为材料,在０－１℃低温下处理２天、２周和４周,然后检测幼苗根系内的ＡＴＰａｓｅ同工酶,结果发现,在０－１℃培养时,幼苗根系内ＡＴＰａｓｅ同工酶谱带减少,ＡＴＰａｓｅ同工酶谱带变化与植物幼苗耐冷性呈一定相关性。ＡＴＰａｓｅ同工酶谱带变化可能是受冷害所致。     

Genetic analysis of cold-tolerance of photosynthesis in maize

The genetic basis of cold-tolerance was investigated by analyzing the quantitative trait loci (QTL) of an F₂:3 population derived from a cross between two lines bred for contrasting cold-tolerance using chlorophyll fluorescence as a selection tool. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, CO₂ exchange rate, leaf greenness, shoot dry matter and shoot nitrogen content were determined in plants grown under controlled conditions at 25/22 °C or 15/13 °C (day/night). The analysis revealed the presence of 18 and 19 QTLs (LOD > 3.5) significantly involved in the variation of nine target traits in plants grown at 25/22 °C and 15/13 °C, respectively. Only four QTLs were clearly identified in both temperatures regimes for the same traits, demonstrating that the genetic control of the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus differed, depending on the temperature regime. A major QTL for the cold-tolerance of photosynthesis was identified on chromosome 6. This QTL alone explained 37.4 of the phenotypic variance in the chronic photoinhibition at low temperature and was significantly involved in the expression of six other traits, including the rate of carbon fixation and shoot dry matter accumulation, indicating that the tolerance to photoinhibition is a key factor in the tolerance of maize to low growth temperature. An additional QTL on chromosomes 2 corresponded to a QTL identified previously in another population, suggesting some common genetic basis of the cold-tolerance of photosynthesis in different maize germplasms.