Observations on parasitic gastroenteritis and bronchitis in grazing calves: effect of low level feed incorporation of morantel in early season.

Pott J. M., Jones R. M. and Cornwell R. I. 1979. Observations on parasitic gastroenteritis and bronchitis in grazing calves: effect of low level feed incorporation of morantel in early season. International Journal for Parasitology9: 153–157. Twenty-four castrated Friesian calves were divided into two equal groups on a body weight basis and grazed separate halves of an infected pasture. One group was given 1.5 mg/kg per day morantel tartrate in the feed over a period extending from 2 weeks before turning out in early May to early July. The other group of calves received an equivalent amount of unmedicated food as controls. Pasture larval counts showed a similar pattern and level of infection from February to July on both pastures. This consisted of a fall from moderate winter levels to very low levels in April/July. The control pasture then showed a typical sharp rise in August to high levels extending through September and falling to moderate levels in October. The pasture being grazed by treated calves showed only a small rise in larval counts in August. The total pasture contamination was reduced by 85% compared with controls during August/October. Faecal egg and larval counts showed similar differences between treated and control calves. Mild clinical signs of parasitic gastroenteritis and bronchitis were seen in controls but not in the treated group. The latter had a weight gain advantage of 20.5 kg the difference becoming marked in the last month of the trial.     

The Efficacy of a Live Attenuated TW I-Type Infectious Bronchitis Virus Vaccine Candidate

Virologica Sinica - Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious avian disease caused by infection with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), which seriously affects the development of the global...     

Diverging trends of chronic bronchitis and smoking habits between 1998 and 2010

Background

No study has been carried out on the time trend in the prevalence of chronic bronchitis (CB) in recent years, despite its clinical and epidemiological relevance. We evaluated the trend in CB prevalence during the past decade among young Italian adults.

Methods

A screening questionnaire was mailed to general population samples of 20–44 year-old subjects in two cross-sectional surveys: the Italian Study on Asthma in Young Adults (ISAYA) (1998/2000; n = 18,873, 9 centres) and the screening stage of the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases (GEIRD) study (2007/2010; n = 10,494, 7 centres). CB was defined as having cough and phlegm on most days for a minimum of 3 months a year and for at least 2 successive years. The prevalence rates and the risk ratios (RRs) for the association between CB and each potential predictor were adjusted for gender, age, season of response, type of contact, cumulative response rate, and centre.

Results

CB prevalence was 12.5% (95% CI: 12.1-12.9%) in 1998/2000 and 12.6% (95% CI: 11.7-13.7%) in 2007/2010; it increased among never smokers (from 7.6 to 9.1%, p = 0.003), current light smokers (<15 pack-years; from 15.1 to 18.6%, p < 0.001), and unemployed/retired subjects (from 14.3 to 19.1%, p = 0.001). In this decade, the prevalence of current smoking decreased (from 33.6 to 26.9%, p < 0.001), whereas the prevalence of unemployment/premature retirement (from 5.3 to 6.0%, p = 0.005), asthma (from 5.0 to 6.2%, p = 0.003), and allergic rhinitis (from 19.5 to 24.5%, p < 0.001) increased. In both 1998/2000 and 2007/2010, the likelihood of having CB was significantly higher for women, current smokers, asthmatic patients, and subjects with allergic rhinitis. During this period, the strength of the association between CB and current heavy smoking (≥15 pack-years) decreased (RR: from 4.82 to 3.57, p = 0.018), whereas it increased for unemployment/premature retirement (from 1.11 to 1.53, p = 0.019); no change was observed for gender, asthma, and allergic rhinitis.

Conclusions

Despite the significant reduction in current smoking, CB prevalence did not vary among young Italian adults. The temporal pattern of CB prevalence can only be partly explained by the increase of unemployment/premature retirement, asthma and allergic rhinitis, and suggests that other factors could have played a role.     

复方丹参注射液联合阿奇霉素治疗小儿喘息性支气管炎的效果及对炎性因子的影响

目的:探讨复方丹参注射液联合阿奇霉素治疗小儿喘息性支气管炎的效果及对炎性因子的影响。方法:选取2015年6月～2018年6月我院收治的喘息性支气管炎患儿300例,采用随机数字表法将患儿分为两组,每组各150例。对照组在常规治疗的基础上给予阿奇霉素注射液治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合应用复方丹参注射液治疗。比较两组的临床治疗效果,临床症状缓解时间及住院时间,治疗前后两组血清白介素(Interleukin, IL)-6、IL-8和肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)水平的变化情况及不良反应发生情况和复发率。结果:治疗后,观察组治疗总有效率显著高于对照组(93.33%VS.85.33%, P0.05);观察组喘息缓解时间、咳嗽缓解时间、哮鸣音消失时间、体温恢复时间及住院时间均显著短于对照组(P0.05);两组治疗后血清IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平均较治疗前显著下降,且观察组更低(P0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组的复发率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:复方丹参注射液联合阿奇霉素可快速缓解喘息性支气管炎患儿的临床症状、体征并缩短住院时间,提高临床治疗效果,且复发率低,安全性较高,这可能与其可显著降低患儿血清IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α水平有关。     

头孢菌素联合鱼腥草注射液治疗老年慢性支气管炎的效果研究

目的：观察头孢菌素联合鱼腥草注射液治疗老年慢性支气管炎的临床疗效及安全性。方法：按照随机原则将76 例老年慢性 支气管炎患者分成两组,在常规治疗的基础上,其中对照组76 人采用头孢菌素治疗,治疗组患者在对照组治疗的基础上给予鱼 腥草注射液治疗,对两组临床费用、住院时间和临床疗效进行评价。结果：治疗组和对照组的住院时间分别为(26.0± 4.2)d 和 (32.4± 3.4)d,住院时间差异有显著性(P<0.05);治疗组的医疗费用为(10477± 1273.2)元,对照组医疗费用为(12790± 892.3)元,两组 医疗费用差异有显著性(P<0.05);治疗组临床有效率为83.4%,显著高于对照组的临床有效率(70.8%)(P<0.05)。结论：头孢菌素联 合鱼腥草注射液治疗老年慢性支气管炎的临床疗效确切,值得临床推广。     

传染性支气管炎病毒抗原模拟表位在大肠杆菌鞭毛上的展示

目的：进一步验证通过噬菌体肽库筛选得到的2个传染性支气管炎病毒（IBV）抗原模拟表位在脱离噬菌体后仍具有与IBV抗体结合的生物学活性。方法：应用基因工程技术合成2个IBV抗原模拟表位（KSPKHSSSALHF和SIIQMNLHRPTS）的编码碱基序列,将其分别插入质粒pFliTrx,构建重组展示载体p1和p2,并分别转化大肠杆菌G1826,形成展示IBV模拟抗原表位肽的重组菌F1和F2,进行体外抗原抗体反应。结果：体外抗原抗体反应试验表明,重组菌F1与172可以与IBV阳性鸡血清特异性结合。结论：提示得到的2个抗原模拟表位在脱离噬菌体后,仍具有与IBV抗体结合的生物学活性,在研制IBV新型疫苗和诊断试剂方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

广西不同时期IBV分离株S1基因高变区Ⅰ的遗传变异分析

对广西1985～2007年间分离到的22株传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)的S1基因高变区Ⅰ(HVR Ⅰ)进行序列测定,并与发表的其他IBV参考株及鸽子分离的冠状病毒株的基因序列进行比较和分析.系统进化关系显示毒株可分为5个基因群,其中有16个广西分离株属第Ⅰ群,它们与鸽子冠状病毒分离株的氨基酸序列同源性较高,与Massachusetts(Mass)型疫苗株的同源性较低.有15个分离株在33～34位和34～35之间分别有4个和3个氨基酸残基的插入,GX-NN6在33～34位和34～35位之间则均有4个氨基酸残基的插入;GX-YL1、GX-NN2与常用的Mass型疫苗株的亲缘关系最近,同属于第Ⅱ群;GX-G、GX-XD与日本同一时期分离的毒株JP Miyazaki 89亲缘关系最近,属于第Ⅲ群;GX-YL6、GX-NN7与欧洲毒株4/91亲缘关系较近,属于第V群.结果表明广西存在着多种类型IBV毒株的流行,毒株S1基因HVR Ⅰ碱基的突变或插入比较普遍,可导致其氨基酸序列的变化,绝大部分毒株与目前常用的Mass型疫苗株的亲缘关系较低.同一时期的分离株同源性较高,但无明显的地域性差异.     

表达鸡传染性支气管炎病毒JS/95/03株S1蛋白的重组杆状病毒构建

The recombinant baculovirus expressing S1 glycoprotein of nephropathogenic strain JS/95/03 of infectious bronchitis virus was generated by using the Bac-to-Bac baculovirus expression system.The BamH I-Sal Ⅰ fragment containing S1 gene from the recombinant plasmid pMDJS9503S1 was purified and cloned in frame into the baculovirus transposing vector pFASTBAC HTa under the polyhedrin gene promoter.The recombinant transposing plasmid pFASTJS9503S1 was screened and then transformed into Escherichia coli DH10BAC.The resulting recombinant bacmid rBacmidJS9503S1 was transfected into cells of the insect Spodoptera frugiperda(Sf9)and the recombinant baculoviruse rAcJS9503S1 was obtained.The lysates of cells infected with rAcJS9503S1 were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and the expressed product of S1 gene was detected by Western bloting and immunofluorescence assay(IFA).The results showed the recombinant baculovirus was fully capable of expressing S1 glycoprotein of JS/95/03.Maybe owing to the incomplete glycosylation in insect cells,the S1 gene product had a Mr of only 61000.In immunofluorescence test and Western blotting,the expressed product could react with polycolonal antibody against IBV M41 strain,indicating it possessed the antigenic properties specific for native S1 glycoprotein.