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1.
Abhishek Chatterjee Celia Caballero-Franco Dannika Bakker Stephanie Totten Armando Jardim 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2015,290(42):25579-25594
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli is a causative agent of gastrointestinal and diarrheal diseases. Pathogenesis associated with enterohemorrhagic E. coli involves direct delivery of virulence factors from the bacteria into epithelial cell cytosol via a syringe-like organelle known as the type III secretion system. The type III secretion system protein EspD is a critical factor required for formation of a translocation pore on the host cell membrane. Here, we show that recombinant EspD spontaneously integrates into large unilamellar vesicle (LUV) lipid bilayers; however, pore formation required incorporation of anionic phospholipids such as phosphatidylserine and an acidic pH. Leakage assays performed with fluorescent dextrans confirmed that EspD formed a structure with an inner diameter of ∼2.5 nm. Protease mapping indicated that the two transmembrane helical hairpin of EspD penetrated the lipid layer positioning the N- and C-terminal domains on the extralumenal surface of LUVs. Finally, a combination of glutaraldehyde cross-linking and rate zonal centrifugation suggested that EspD in LUV membranes forms an ∼280–320-kDa oligomeric structure consisting of ∼6–7 subunits. 相似文献
2.
L.E. Palma-Cano H.A. Piñon-Castillo S.H. Tarango-Rivero A. Carbon J. Salas-Leiva L.N. Muñoz-Castellanos C. Cravo-Laureau R. Duran E. Orrantia-Borunda 《Letters in applied microbiology》2021,72(5):556-569
We described the bacterial diversity of walnut grove soils under organic and conventional farming. The bacterial communities of rhizospheric and nonrhizospheric soils of pecan tree (Carya illinoensis K. Koch) were compared considering two phenological stages (sprouting and ripening). Sixteen operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified significantly more abundant according to the plant development, only one according to the farming condition, and none according to the soil origin. The OTUs specificaly abundant according to plant development included Actinobateria (2) and Betaproteobacteria (1) related OTUs more abundant at the sprouting stage, while at the fruit ripening (FR) stage the more abundant OTUs were related to Actinobacteria (6), Alphaproteobacteria (6), and unclassified Bacteria (1). The Gaiellaceae OTU18 (Actinobacteria) was more abundant under conventional farming. Thus, our study revealed that the plant development stage was the main factor shaping the bacterial community structure, while less influence was noticed for the farming condition. The bacterial communities exhibited specific metabolic capacities, a large range of carbon sources being used at the FR stage. The identified OTUs specifically more abundant represent indicators providing useful information on soil condition, potential tools for the management of soil bacterial communities. 相似文献
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4.
Sonja T. Chou 《中国实验动物学杂志》2011,(1):5-11
2009年11月份在西安举行由中国实验动物学会发起的实验动物医药技术培训研讨会上,本人做了关于实验小鼠种群管理的演讲。其主题涵盖了小鼠繁殖性能的维护和基因工程种群的管理。本篇文章的目的在于强调其所涵盖的材料并为进一步研究提供参考。如若对本文所讨论的内容希望有更深刻的理解,这篇文章所引用的参考资料值得进一步的阅读。另外本文未涉及远交系小鼠的繁殖培育和基因管理,但如有需要可以联系本文作者,可推荐需阅读的材料清单。 相似文献
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Abstract All ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) are highly eusocial insects that are characterized by reproductive division of labor with sterile castes (worker and soldier) helping fertile castes (queen and male) to reproduce.
Ant societies, like other complex animal societies, have developed a sophisticated communication system, in which recognition behaviors are frequently involved Recognition abilities allow individuals to orient and modulate their behaviors effectively and appropriately in response to the characteristics andlor signals expressed by other organisms. Among recognition behaviors, nestmate recognition and kin recognition mechanisms have attracted great attention of sociobiologists, ecologists, insect physiologists and biochemists since 1970's. This is parallel with the popularization of Hamilton's kin selection theory. The present paper aims at reviewing the current understanding on nestmate/kin recognition in ants. This review consists of three parts. The first part concerns the diversity of recognition behaviors and their ecological implications with emphasis on nestmatelkin recognition; in the second part, the current understandings on the mechanism of nestmatelkin recognition are outlined; and in the third part, we discuss the ontogenetic development of nestmate recognition behavior and naturally mixed colonies. The study of the integration mechanism of social parasite may provide heuristic clues to the understanding of kin/nestmate recognition system. 相似文献
Ant societies, like other complex animal societies, have developed a sophisticated communication system, in which recognition behaviors are frequently involved Recognition abilities allow individuals to orient and modulate their behaviors effectively and appropriately in response to the characteristics andlor signals expressed by other organisms. Among recognition behaviors, nestmate recognition and kin recognition mechanisms have attracted great attention of sociobiologists, ecologists, insect physiologists and biochemists since 1970's. This is parallel with the popularization of Hamilton's kin selection theory. The present paper aims at reviewing the current understanding on nestmate/kin recognition in ants. This review consists of three parts. The first part concerns the diversity of recognition behaviors and their ecological implications with emphasis on nestmatelkin recognition; in the second part, the current understandings on the mechanism of nestmatelkin recognition are outlined; and in the third part, we discuss the ontogenetic development of nestmate recognition behavior and naturally mixed colonies. The study of the integration mechanism of social parasite may provide heuristic clues to the understanding of kin/nestmate recognition system. 相似文献
9.
The suggestion that the electron acceptor A1 in plant photosystem I (PSI) is a quinone molecule is tested by comparisons with the bacterial photosystem. The electron spin polarized (ESP) EPR signal due to the oxidized donor and reduced quinone acceptor (P
870
+
Q-) in iron-depleted bacterial reaction centers has similar spectral characteristics as the ESP EPR signal in PSI which is believed to be due to P
700
+
A
1
-
, the oxidized PSI donor and reduced A1. This is also true for better resolved spectra obtained at K-band (24 GHz). These same spectral characteristics can be simulated using a powder spectrum based on the known g-anisotropy of reduced quinones and with the same parameter set for Q- and A1
-. The best resolution of the ESP EPR signal has been obtained for deuterated PSI particles at K-band. Simulation of the A1
- contribution based on g-anisotropy yields the same parameters as for bacterial Q- (except for an overall shift in the anisotropic g-factors, which have previously been determined for Q-). These results provide evidence that A1 is a quinone molecule. The electron spin polarized signal of P700
+ is part of the better resolved spectrum from the deuterated PSI particles. The nature of the P700
+ ESP is not clear; however, it appears that it does not exhibit the polarization pattern required by mechanisms which have been used so far to explain the ESP in PSI.Abbreviations hf
hyperfine
- A0
A0 acceptor of photosystem I
- A1
A1 acceptor of photosystem I
- Brij-58
polyoxyethylene 20 cetyl ether
- CP1
photosystem I particles which lack ferridoxin acceptors
- ESP
electron spin polarized
- EPR
electron paramagnetic resonance
- I
intermediary electron acceptor, bacteriopheophytin
- LDAO
lauryldimethylamine
- N-oxide, P700
primary electron donor of photosystem I
- PSI
photosystem I
- P700
T
triplet state of primary donor of photosystem I
- P870
primary donor in R. sphaeroides reaction center
- Q
quinore-acceptor in photosynthetic bacteria
- RC
reaction center 相似文献
10.
Abstract The genomes of DNA phage ΦX174 and of RNA phage MS2 each encode a single lysis protein, E protein and L protein, respectively. Based on the known DNA and protein sequences, and with the aid of structural predictions of the proteins, a chimeric gene was constructed. The resulting protein was composed of the N-terminal sequence of E protein and the C-terminal sequence of L protein. The truncated E and L polypeptides used in this construction were functionally inactive. However, the chimeric gene product had very high lysis-inducing activity. This construction is an example which could be extended to the engineering of other lysis proteins designed with specific biotechnological processes in mind. 相似文献