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排序方式: 共有452条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Elizabeth Knyihár-Csillik Pasko Rakic Prof. Dr. Bert Csillik 《Cell and tissue research》1989,258(3):515-525
Summary Transection of the sciatic nerve in Rhesus monkeys and the consequent transganglionic degenerative atrophy (TDA) of central terminals of primary afferents result in transneuronal degeneration of substantia gelatinosa (SG) cells. Severe degeneration is characterized by an increased electron density of the nucleus and by conspicuous shrinkage of the cytoplasm, mitochondrial swelling, dilation of cisterns of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, accumulation of free ribosomes and an electron-dense material in the cytoplasm. In the mild form, dilation of cisternal elements of the endoplasmic reticulum, swollen mitochondria and accumulation of free ribosomes takes place. About 10% of SG cells in segment L5 undergo the severe form whereas the rest shows signs of the mild form. Cytoplasmic alterations that occur during transneuronal degeneration seem to start at the level of subsurface cisterns. Dendrites and axons of transneuronally degenerating SG cells also show a conspicuous electron density. By analyzing the synaptic relationships of such darkened dendrites, connections in the upper dorsal horn can be deciphered. Modular units of the primary nociceptive analyzer that evaluate noxious and innocuous inputs on the basis of thin versus thick (AC/A) afferent activity and subjecting them to descending control appear to be recruited from structurally dispersed elements of synaptic glomeruli. These are arranged alongside dendritic processes of large antenna cells which relay impulses to projection cells of the spinothalamic tract. 相似文献
2.
Cyprian Weaver Robert L. Sorenson Brian Kobienia 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1988,24(2):108-116
Summary The purpose of this study was to develop a nonenzymatic method of isolating adult islets using atrophied pancreata from copper-deficient
rats and to analyze their morphologic characteristics and behavior in culture. This unusual model of isolation was studied
because islets remain intact in the course of dietary copper deficiency while the acinar glandular component of the pancreas
undergoes selective atrophy and lipomatosis. Small fragments containing islets were readily microdissected from atrophied
glands and placed in culture. Within 24 h the fragments congealed into small irregular- to spherical-shaped masses within
which the darker profile of islets could be distinguished. Within a period of 3 to 5 d, islet tissue began to bud from the
lipocytic mass until by Day 7 spherical aggregates of intact islet tissue separated from the residual fragments. Subsequent
to further in vitro treatment, these islets could be maintained as free viable spherical masses if periodically agitated,
as attached stationary islets which developed monolayer growth if left undisturbed and as aggregated masses of islet tissue
forming megaislets if combined in small groups. Grouped islets treated with actinomycin D and cycloheximide did not exhibit
aggregation when incubated with these inhibitors. This suggests that megaislet formation was an active process requiring protein-RNA
synthesis rather than passive clumping or aggregation that can accompany metabolically altered or dying islets undergoing
cellular shedding and adhesion. Immunohistochemical localization demonstrated that insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic
polypeptide-immunoreactive cell types were present within the islets derived from this technique. The cellular topography
of these islets was not unlike that described by others for islets cultured from enzymatic isolation. This culture model may
serve as a resource for mature, viable islets isolated without mechanical or enzymatic disaggregation which can have attenuating
effects on islet function.
This work was supported by a research grant from the Diabetes Research and Education Foundation. 相似文献
3.
Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) was recently isolated from ovine hypothalami by its ability to stimulate adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and β-endorphin release from dispersed rat pituitary cells. Intramuscular injection of synthetic ovine CRF conugated to bovine thyroglobulin with 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant into a random bred New Zealand white rabbit resulted in antiserum production to CRF associated with adrenal atrophy. A decrease in the level of plasma coticosteroids was associated with an increase in mean total binding of 125I-N-Tyr-CRF. Upon sacrifice, a decrease in pituitary content of ACTH and a decrease in adrenal weight and content of corticosteroids was observed in the rabbit producing antiserum to CRF. Adrenal atrophy was histologically verified with an observed decrease in the adrenal cortical zone not reflected in the zona glomerulosa. Individual cells were relatively larger either with more abundant pale cytoplasm or with distinctly vacuolated cytoplasm. The results presented here are consistent with a physiologically necessary role for this CRF or peptides with similar structures in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. 相似文献
4.
Summary The response of rat gastrocnemius muscle fibers to chronic streptozotocin-diabetes was studied. Transverse sections of this muscle from normal and diabetic rats were histochemically assayed for reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide-diaphorase, myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase, mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase activities. Cross-sectional areas of the fiber types were measured, and fiber capillarization and populations estimated. Chemically-induced diabetes appeared to have little effect on the metabolic or morphological properties of slow-twitch fibers. However, a general dedifferentiation occurred in the 2 fast-twitch fiber populations. There was a loss of oxidative potential in the fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic fibers, and a significant decrease in size in the fast-twitch-glycolytic fibers. No change in the proportions of slow- and fast-twitch fibers in the muscles of diabetic rats occurred. It is concluded that hypoinsulinism has differential effects on the 3 fiber types in heterogeneous rat skeletal muscle, and that slow-twitch fibers are least affected by the diabetic condition. 相似文献
5.
Mark A. Feger Jonathan Isaacs Satya Mallu Dorne Yager Mary Shall Gaurangkumar Patel Omar Protzuk Akhil S. Bokkisam 《Journal of brachial plexus and peripheral nerve injury》2022,17(1):e12
Background Muscle recovery following peripheral nerve repair is sup-optimal. Follistatin (FST), a potent muscle stimulant, enhances muscle size and satellite cell counts following reinnervation when administered as recombinant FST DNA via viral vectors. Local administration of recombinant FST protein, if effective, would be more clinically translatable but has yet to be investigated following muscle reinnervation. Objective The aim of this study is to assess the effect of direct delivery of recombinant FST protein on muscle recovery following muscle reinnervation. Materials and Methods In total, 72 Sprague-Dawley rats underwent temporary (3 or 6 months) denervation or sham denervation. After reinnervation, rats received FST protein (isoform FS-288) or sham treatment via a subcutaneous osmotic pump delivery system. Outcome measures included muscle force, muscle histomorphology, and FST protein quantification. Results Follistatin treatment resulted in smaller muscles after 3 months denervation ( p = 0.019) and reduced force after 3 months sham denervation ( p < 0.001). Conversely, after 6 months of denervation, FST treatment trended toward increased force output ( p = 0.066). Follistatin increased satellite cell counts after denervation ( p < 0.001) but reduced satellite cell counts after sham denervation ( p = 0.037). Conclusion Follistatin had mixed effects on muscle weight and force. Direct FST protein delivery enhanced satellite cell counts following reinnervation. The positive effect on the satellite cell population is intriguing and warrants further investigation. 相似文献
6.
睫状神经营养因子对大鼠去神经骨骼肌的营养作用 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
目的:了解睫状神经营养因子(CNTF)对去神经引起的肌肉萎缩的治疗作用。方法:离断SD大鼠一侧坐骨神经,连续给予CNTF20d,观察肌肉湿重、蛋白含量、肌纤维横截面积、收缩性能和残肢程度。结果:①给予0.2mg/kg的CNTF,可使损务侧肌纤维横截面积增加35%,肌肉湿重增加38%,胫前肌总蛋白含量增加24%,腓长肌强直收缩强度提高40%,显著改善肢残程度;②0.2mg/kg的CNTF作用明显强于0.05mg/kg的CNTF;③此目鱼肌(慢肌)比伸趾长肌(快肌)对CNTF更敏感。结论:CNTF能显著改善成年大鼠坐骨神经离断后骨骼肌的萎缩和功能丧失,该效应的强弱与用药剂量和肌肉类型有关。 相似文献
7.
目的:探讨川芎及川芎中起活血作用的两种主要药效成分(阿魏酸钠和川芎嗪)对后肢去负荷大鼠比目鱼肌萎缩的影响与作用。方法:尾部悬吊法建立大鼠废用性肌萎缩模型,用免疫组化技术及血液流变学方法观察药物对比目鱼肌各项指标的影响。结果:与后肢去负荷大鼠相比①高剂量的阿魏酸钠和川芎嗪使比目鱼肌I型肌纤维横截面积分别增加了37.3%和39.4%(P〈0.05);②三种药物均能明显抑制梭外肌纤维MHCII表达水平的升高(P〈0.01);③使肌梭内核袋2纤维MHCII的表达由阳性转变为阴性;④并能明显降低低切变率下的全血粘度。结论:川芎及两种主要药效成分阿魏酸钠与川芎嗪均能不同程度地对抗废用性肌萎缩的发生,以高剂量川芎嗪与阿魏酸钠的药效最为明显。 相似文献
8.
Irene Faravelli Megi Meneri Domenica Saccomanno Daniele Velardo Elena Abati Delia Gagliardi Valeria Parente Lucia Petrozzi Dario Ronchi Nino Stocchetti Edoardo Calderini Grazia D’Angelo Giovanna Chidini Edi Prandi Giulia Ricci Gabriele Siciliano Nereo Bresolin Giacomo Pietro Comi Stefania Corti Francesca Magri Alessandra Govoni 《Journal of cellular and molecular medicine》2020,24(5):3034-3039
The antisense oligonucleotide Nusinersen has been recently licensed to treat spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Since SMA type 3 is characterized by variable phenotype and milder progression, biomarkers of early treatment response are urgently needed. We investigated the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration of neurofilaments in SMA type 3 patients treated with Nusinersen as a potential biomarker of treatment efficacy. The concentration of phosphorylated neurofilaments heavy chain (pNfH) and light chain (NfL) in the CSF of SMA type 3 patients was evaluated before and after six months since the first Nusinersen administration, performed with commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Clinical evaluation of SMA patients was performed with standardized motor function scales. Baseline neurofilament levels in patients were comparable to controls, but significantly decreased after six months of treatment, while motor functions were only marginally ameliorated. No significant correlation was observed between the change in motor functions and that of neurofilaments over time. The reduction of neurofilament levels suggests a possible early biochemical effect of treatment on axonal degeneration, which may precede changes in motor performance. Our study mandates further investigations to assess neurofilaments as a marker of treatment response. 相似文献
9.
10.
《Autophagy》2013,9(11):1697-1700
The autophagy-lysosome system is essential for muscle cell homeostasis and its dysfunction has been linked to muscle disorders that are typically distinguished by massive autophagic buildup. Among them, glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII) is characterized by the presence of large glycogen-filled lysosomes in the skeletal muscle, due to a defect in the lysosomal enzyme acid α-glucosidase (GAA). The accumulation of autophagosomes is believed to be detrimental for myofiber function. However, the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of GSDII is still unclear. To address this issue we monitored autophagy in muscle biopsies and myotubes of early and late-onset GSDII patients at different time points of disease progression. Moreover we also analyzed muscles from patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Our data suggest that autophagy is a protective mechanism that is required for myofiber survival in late-onset forms of GSDII. Importantly, our findings suggest that a normal autophagy flux is important for a correct maturation of GAA and for the uptake of recombinant human GAA. In conclusion, autophagy failure plays an important role in GSDII disease progression, and the development of new drugs to restore the autophagic flux should be considered to improve ERT efficacy. 相似文献