甲状腺素对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血大鼠脑缺氧诱导因子-1α表达的影响及其机制*

目的:探讨甲状腺素(T4)对动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后大鼠脑缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)表达的调节及其机制。方法:72只雄性成年SD大鼠随机分为以下4组:蛛网膜下腔出血模型组(SAH)(n=18)、蛛网膜下腔出血+甲状腺素组(SAH+T4)(n=18)、蛛网膜下腔出血+溶剂组(SAH+溶剂组)(n=18)、假手术组(n=18)。颈内动脉穿刺法建立蛛网膜下腔出血的模型,术后行颅脑CT平扫,建模后立即开始给药,按3 μg/100 g腹腔注射,每隔24 h一次,连续3 d,SAH+T4组予甲状腺素干预,SAH+溶剂组予等体积溶剂干预,均在建模后72 h处死;各组6只大鼠经多聚甲醛灌注处死后石蜡包埋切片行免疫组化染色检测HIF-1α及p-Akt蛋白、6只用TUNEL法检测凋亡,6只用干湿重法做脑水肿含量检测。结果:建模成功后SAH组及SAH+T4组、SAH+溶剂组大鼠的脑组织肿胀明显,蛛网膜下腔可见暗红色血凝块。SAH组神经行为学评分、脑含水量、凋亡率、HIF-1α蛋白、p-Akt蛋白均较假手术组明显增高(P＜0.05);SAH+T4组神经行为学评分、HIF-1α蛋白、p-Akt蛋白均较SAH组明显增高,其脑含水量、凋亡均较SAH组明显减少(P＜0.05)。结论:使用T4替代治疗可以上调动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后大鼠脑HIF-1α蛋白表达水平,可能是通过激活三磷酸肌醇激酶／蛋白激酶B(PI3K/Akt)信号通路,使凋亡率减小,最终大鼠行为学得以改善,对大鼠脑产生保护作用。     

In vitro and in vivo cancer cell apoptosis triggered by competitive binding of Cinchona alkaloids to the RING domain of TRAF6

TRAF6 is highly expressed in many tumors and plays an important role in the immune system. The aim of this study is to confirm anti-tumor activities of all naturally occurring Cinchona alkaloids that have been screened using computational docking program, and to validate the accuracy and specificity of the RING domain of TRAF6 as a potential anti-tumor target, and to explore their effect on the immune system. Results reported herein would demonstrate that Cinchona alkaloids could induce apoptosis in HeLa cells, inhibit the ubiquitination and phosphorylation of both AKT and TAK1, and up-regulate the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. In addition, these compounds could induce apoptosis in vivo, and increase the secretion of TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IgG, while not significantly impacting the ratio of CD4⁺T/CD8⁺T. These investigations suggest that the RING domain of TRAF6 could serve as a de novo biological target for therapeutic treatment in cancers.