激光光漂恢复技术测定林蛙卵第一次卵裂前卵表面的运动

激光光漂恢复技术测定了异硫氰基荧光素标记的林蛀卵表面分子在第一次卵裂前的运动。发现固着在玻片上的剥离“细胞膜”的分子运动形式为扩散。扩散系数为(4.6±1.3)×10~(-12)cm~2/s,可动部份为15%。完整卵子上的分子运动形式为流动。细胞膜在不停地流动着。它可能起着协助细胞质运动的作用。细胞膜流动的速度随时间而异,卵裂前不久,在大多数的卵子上,出现两个流动较慢的谷,少数细胞只测到一个谷。这可能与光漂起始时间,光斑与未来分裂沟的距离,和卵子间的差异有关。也讨论了这种速度变化与表面收缩波的关系。     

蛙卵黄粒晶形区向非晶区过渡的电镜观察及伪彩色图象处理

用水溶性氨基树脂作为电镜标本包埋介质包埋早期卵裂时的黑龙江林蛙卵;用透射电镜观察了卵黄粒晶形体向非晶区转变的过程;一部分电镜照片用伪彩色图象处理技术转换成彩色照片以提高其清晰度。晶形体向非晶结构转化主要有两种形式:1.沿晶形体表面成排地脱落晶分子并在晶形体表面形成台阶样结构;2.晶分子参差不齐地成群脱离晶形体并在晶形区与非晶区之间形成一个似晶非晶的过渡区。脱离晶形体后的晶分子参加到非晶区,使深色亚区扩大并在其中酝酿成“微滴”样结构。若干“微滴”汇合并转变成微泡。伪彩色图象处理能较清楚地显示出卵脂蛋白半分子(一个亚单位)独立脱离晶形体的现象。讨论了引起晶分子脱离晶形体的可能??原因。     

凝集素抑制林蛙卵裂沟新膜外露的作用

剥去受精膜的林蛙卵分裂时,分裂沟中的新膜会暴露出来。林蛙老膜上有大量均匀分布的麦胚和大豆凝集素受体。卵裂前,将剥去受精膜的蛙卵浸于上述的凝集素溶液中,新膜的外露就被抑制。凝集素愈浓,浸泡时间愈长,抑制愈大。在这些卵的表面可看到一层较厚的由凝集素引起的外被。碱处理过的受精卵表面,凝集素受体减少,凝集素抑制新膜外露的作用亦减弱,由凝集素引起的外被亦薄。凝集素是多价的,会在细胞表面产生交链,形成“外骨骼”,抑制新膜外露。凝集素也可通过受体,影响微丝,产生作用。     

Carbohydrate structure and differential binding of prostate specific antigen to Maackia amurensis lectin between prostate cancer and benign prostate hypertrophy

Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) assay is widely used for detection of prostate cancer. Because PSA is also synthesized from normal prostate, false positive diagnosis cannot be avoided by the conventional serum PSA test. To apply the cancer-associated carbohydrate alteration to the improvement of PSA assay, we first elucidated the structures of PSA purified from human seminal fluid. The predominant core structure of N-glycans of seminal fluid PSA was a complex type biantennary oligosaccharide and was consistent with the structure reported previously. However, we found the sialic acid alpha2-3 galactose linkage as an additional terminal carbohydrate structure on seminal fluid PSA. We then analyzed the carbohydrate moiety of serum PSA from the patients with prostate cancer and benign prostate hypertrophy using lectin affinity chromatography. Lectin binding was assessed by lectin affinity column chromatography followed by determining the amount of total and free PSA. Concanavalin A, Lens culinaris, Aleuria aurantia, Sambucus nigra, and Maackia amurensis lectins were tested for their binding to the carbohydrates on PSA. Among the lectins examined, the M. amurensis agglutinin-bound fraction of free serum PSA is increased in prostate cancer patients compared to benign prostate hypertrophy patients. The binding of PSA to M. amurensis agglutinin, which recognizes alpha2,3-linked sialic acid, was also confirmed by surface plasmon resonance analysis. These results suggest that the differential binding of free serum PSA to M. amurensis agglutinin lectin between prostate cancer and benign prostate hypertrophy could be a potential measure for diagnosis of prostate cancer.     

黑龙江林蛙胃肠道5-羟色胺细胞的胚后发生

采用亲和素-生物素复合物(ABC)免疫组织化学法,对黑龙江林蛙(Rana amurensis)胚后发育各时期胃肠道中5-羟色胺(5-HT)细胞的发生过程进行了研究。结果显示,黑龙江林蛙胃中的5-羟色胺阳性细胞最早在第38期被检测到,小肠和大肠最早出现在第41期。从41期开始,5-羟色胺细胞分布于胃、小肠和大肠中,在同一发育时期中,胃部分布密度最大。同一部位在不同发育时期5-羟色胺细胞的分布密度不同,其中胃内5-羟色胺细胞在38期和43期分布最多,分布密度分别为1.8±0.62和1.8±0.89,45期分布数量最少,分布密度为1.1±0.31;小肠中5-羟色胺细胞在41期和43期分布最多,分布密度均为1.2±0.41,在44期和45期分布最少,分布密度分别为0.7±0.49和0.7±0.47;大肠中5-羟色胺细胞在第42期分布最多,分布密度为1.2±0.41,在44期分布最少,分布密度为0.7±0.47。5-羟色胺细胞最早分布在上皮细胞之间,随着胃肠道发育的日渐完善,在上皮基部或腺泡上皮之间也有分布。细胞形态变化不明显,有圆形、椭圆形、锥体形、长梭形和三角形。推测5-羟色胺阳性细胞的出现时间、形态以及分布型是与黑龙江林蛙的个体生长发育需要、胃肠道各段的功能以及食性转变相适应的。     

黑龙江椴树属植物叶表皮形态学观察

利用扫描电子显微镜对紫椴（Tilia amurensis Rupr.）及糠椴（T. mandshurica Rupr.et Maxim.）叶片的微观形态结构特征进行观察,并进行微观形态结构的比较研究。研究结果表明紫椴与糠椴叶片上表皮微观形态相同,而下表皮气孔器的形态类型、蜡质纹饰和角质膜的形态特征、单位面积上星状毛的数量均表现出很大的差异。这些微观形态差异可作为区分紫椴和糠椴的分类学依据。     

蒙古栎和紫椴幼苗对光环境转变的光合作用响应

比较研究了从温室5%光强转到10%、30%和100%光强处理下,蒙古栎（Quercus mongolica）和紫椴（Tilia amurensis）幼苗的光合能力和叶绿素荧光的响应,揭示了两个树种对光环境变化的不同适应情况及其光保护机制。结果表明,光强转换后两种幼苗都发生了严重光抑制,蒙古栎幼苗的最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）在光强转变后第3天降到最低（0.52）,紫椴幼苗在光强转变后第1天就降到了最低（0.67）,蒙古栎降低幅度明显高于紫椴。之后随着光适应时间的延长逐渐恢复到原有水平,说明短时期的光抑制没有对两种幼苗的光合机构造成光损伤;从不同光照条件来看,无论是最大净光合速率（P_max）,还是实际光化学效率（ФPSⅡ）,2种幼苗均为30%光强下的值高于10%和100%光强,说明过低或过高的光强都不利于幼苗的生长发育,只有适当的中光才利于幼苗的生长发育;与30%光强相比,蒙古栎幼苗100%光强下P_max、F_v/F_m、ФPSⅡ、NPQ的变化幅度远大于紫椴幼苗,表明高光强对蒙古栎幼苗的影响要大于紫椴;100%光强下,2种幼苗均通过大量增加非光化学淬灭（NPQ）、类胡萝卜素和叶绿素之比（Car/Chl）耗散过剩光能,降低单位鲜重叶绿素含量（Chl）以减少光能吸收,避免了光合机构光破坏。     

鹅观草属三个物种及其居群间的醇溶蛋白分析

利用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术(APAGE)对小麦族鹅观草属3个物种:毛叶鹅观草、纤毛鹅观草和竖立鹅观草进行了醇溶蛋白电泳分析,23份材料电泳分离出22条相对迁移率不同的谱带,其中3条(16.6%)共同带,19条(83.4%)具多态性,每个材料可分离出9～16条谱带。结果表明:(1)三个物种具有相似的醇溶蛋白带型,但存在明显的种间差异;(2)同种不同居群间也存在遗传差异;(3)种间差异大于种内差异。     

长白山红松阔叶混交林紫椴枝条的分解实验

研究了长白山北坡椴树（Tilia amurensis）枝条的分散进程,实验结果揭示,分解率是与各实验地的植被类型,海拔,生长季月平均大于5℃的积温等密切相关。其枝条分解的保存率（Y）与分解年龄（x）的相关,可用指数模型：Y＝e^-kx来拟合,在红松阔叶混交林,红松外叶混交林,岳桦去冷杉林及岳桦林中椴树枝条分解常数K分别为－0.168与－0.127,－0.102和－0.094。枝条原重量50％的分解年龄在上述4个森林中分别是4,5,6和7a。实验还指出,在长白山红松阔叶混交林皆伐迹地的实验条件下适当的蔽荫和浇水对分解有正面影响。而且,枝条的分解率主要是以长白山不同海拔植被类型的温度条件而转移,特别是生长季的积温。     

Fertilization cone formation in starfish oocytes: The role of the egg cortex actin microfilaments in sperm incorporation

The process of sperm incorporation into starfish (Asterias amurensis) oocytes was examined by electron and fluorescence microscopy. The fertilization cone began to form at the place where the acrosomal process fused with the egg surface and developed into an inverted conical mass containing a small amount of electron-dense cytoplasm. Microfilaments, which stained with NBD-phallacidin, were detected in the fertilization cone. Microvillar protrusions from the fully grown fertilization cone engulfed the sperm head outside the fertilization membrane. The sperm organelles were incorporated into the egg cortex with the absorption of the protrusions. Cytochalasin B inhibited sperm incorporation, fertilization cone formation, and actin filament organization. It is suggested that the development and reduction of the fertilization cone, which depend on the functioning of microfilaments, are necessary for sperm incorporation in starfish.