Rapid in vitro multiplication of jujube through mature stem explants

Stem explants obtained from a mature tree of Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk were grown on modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing 3800 mg l^-1 potassium nitrate, 2475 mg l^-1 ammonium nitrate, 11 M benzyladenine and 0.5 M indole-3-acetic acid. During successive subcultures 15–20 shoots per inoculum were produced. Rooting was induced by pretreatment with 50 M indolebutyric acid or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid for 24 h followed by transfer to auxin-free White's medium. Plantlets grew well in a soil and vermiculite mixture.Abbreviations IAA Indole-3-acetic acid - NAA 1-naphthaleneacetic acid - BA benzyladenine - MS Murashige and Skoog     

子莲杂交优势的利用及新品种选育的研究

1981—1987年的试验证实,利用杂交优势是子莲新品种选育的重要途径。作者通过杂交选育和引种,筛选培育出13号(白花建莲×红千叶)和2号(百叶莲×红花建莲)杂交子莲,杂交优势明显而稳定,其产鼠比对照品种——红花建莲增加20%以上,经济效益十分显著。为了推广这两种杂交子莲,作者还提出了子莲良种繁育时防杂的技术措施。     

灵武长枣果实维管束韧皮部及周围细胞的超微结构特征

为了探讨灵武长枣果实光合同化物韧皮部卸载和运输的途径,该研究采用透射电镜技术,对不同发育时期灵武长枣果实维管束韧皮部及其周围薄壁细胞的超微结构特征进行了分析.结果表明:筛管/伴胞复合体及其周围韧皮薄壁细胞间在果实膨大前期富含胞间连丝,而韧皮薄壁细胞与周围库细胞以及相邻库细胞间几乎不存在胞间连丝,形成共质体隔离;筛管/伴...     

Organic matter transformations and soil fertility in a treed pasture in semiarid NE Brazil

Planted silvo-pastoral systems are formed by sparing selected native trees when land is cleared for pasture establishment, or by planting selected species – often known agroforestry species – into the establishing pasture. Isolated trees within pastures and savannas are often associated with `resource islands', characterized by higher fertility and organic matter levels under the tree canopies. We here examine the processes underlying the differences in fertility and organic matter in a buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) pasture that contained two tree species (Ziziphus joazeiro Mart., Spondias tuberosa Arruda Cam.) preserved from the native thorn forest and a planted agroforestry species (Prospois juliflora Swartz D.C). The objective is to distinguish effects of soil variability from those induced by the presence of trees or the planting of pasture. The ¹³C signatures of the original (largely C3) vegetation, the preserved and planted trees, and the planted C4 grass were used to distinguish the provenance of organic matter in the top soil (0–15 cm). This allowed the conclusion that all trees maintained C3 derived C at the original thorn forest level, while lower levels under pasture were due to mineralisation of organic matter. The net rates of forest-derived C loss under pasture varied with soil type amounting to between 25 and 50% in 13 years after pasture establishment. Only on Alfisol, C inputs from the pasture compensated for the C3-C losses. Analysis of organic and inorganic P fractions indicated Z. joazeiro and P. juliflora enriched the soil under their canopy with P, whereas S. tuberosa had no positive effect on fertility. A combination of ANOVA and spatial analysis and mapping was used to show vegetation effects.     

Treatment and utilization of wastewater in the Beijing Zoo by an aquatic macrophyte system

This paper deals with a nutrient cycling experiment in the Beijing Zoo that uses macrophytes as the added link to make a purification system. The whole system consisted of macrophyte cultivating area and no macrophyte area. By making up the different functional groups of aquatic plants, a multilevel cycling network is formed, which has a rather high purification capability. During the experimental period, the water quality of the Waterfowl Lake and the Peony Pavilion Lake improved significantly, with total nitrogen and total phosphorus reductions of up to 58 and 38%, respectively. Other parameters also confirmed the good purification effect of this system. The economic and social benefits met the requirement of the original design.     

洪湖子莲开花结实习性及调控技术的研究

阐明了子莲开花结实习性与花期气候的关系,并以洪湖气候与子莲开花结实的关系,莲蓬大小和莲蓬心皮数目与荷花发育时所处季节地关系以及死蕾,死花,死果与开花时天气的关系等三方面,论证了在该区调控子莲开花结实的必要性。最后还提出了调控子莲开花结实的几项农业技术。     

抗赖氨酸加苏氨酸莲体细胞变异体的筛选

对籽莲红花建莲（Ｎｅｌｕｍｂｏｎｕｃｉｆｅｒａｃｖ．Ｈｏｎｇｈｕａｊｉａｎｌｉａｎ）和白心湘莲（Ｎ．ｎｕｃｉｆｅｒａｃｖ．Ｂａｉｘｉｎｘｉａｎｇｌｉａｎ）杂交而成的幼胚的子叶、胚轴及幼胚叶（芽）形成的愈伤组织,施以赖氨酸加苏氨酸胁迫培养３０天,从中筛选出抗性愈伤组织并形成再生植株。低浓度的赖氨酸加苏氨酸促进愈伤组织的生长,而高浓度的赖氨酸加苏氨酸则抑制愈伤组织生长,直至具有致死作用,这种致死作用是因为高浓度的赖氨酸加苏氨酸抑制了天冬氨酸合成途径中的天冬氨酸激酶和高丝氨酸脱氢酶造成的,细胞发生变异后对赖氨酸和苏氨酸产生了抗性,即与天冬氨酸合成途径有关的氨基酸增加。抗性愈伤组织与未胁迫的愈伤组织的氨基酸测定表明,在总计１７种氨基酸中,抗性愈伤组织有１４种氨基酸含量超过原始愈伤组织,１种持平,２种不及原始愈伤组织。再生抗性植株的莲籽氨基酸测定显示,在１７种氨基酸中,有１２种超过母本红花建莲,１５种超过父本白心湘莲。     

埃及白睡莲的胚胎学研究

对埃及白睡莲的大、小孢子的发生,雌、雄配子体的发育,以及胚和胚乳的发育进行了观察研究.结果表明埃及白睡莲的花药壁由5层细胞组成,绒毡层细胞具双核,属于分泌型.小孢子母细胞减数分裂时,胞质分裂属于同时型,小孢子四分体呈四面体型.成熟花粉为三细胞类型,花粉粒表面具有环沟.胚珠为倒生型、双珠被、厚珠心,珠孔仅由内珠被形成.大胞子母细胞减数分裂形成三分体,合点端2个细胞退化,珠孔端1个细胞发育为功能性大胞子.成熟雌配子体由4细胞组成,即2助细胞,1卵细胞和1中央细胞.合子的第一次分裂是横向的,形成的基细胞不再分裂,体积增大后成为一个大的胚柄细胞.而顶细胞进行一系列分裂形成胚.在此基础上,还比较了睡莲目不同属的胚胎学特征.