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1.
Plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis in ginger 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
A. Kackar S. R. Bhat K. P. S. Chandel S. K. Malik 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1993,32(3):289-292
Embryogenic callus cultures of ginger were induced from young leaf segments taken from in vitro shoot cultures. Among the four auxins tested in Murashige & Skoog medium, dicamba at 2.7 M was most effective in inducing and maintaining embryogenic cultures. Efficient plant regeneration was achieved when embryogenic cultures were transferred to Murashige & Skoog medium containing 8.9 M benzyladenine. Histological studies revealed various stages of somatic embryogenesis characteristic of the monocot system. The in vitro-raised plants have been established in soil.Abbreviations BA
benzyladenine
- 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid 相似文献
2.
Aphichart Karnchanatat Nathachai Tiengburanatam Apaporn Boonmee Songchan Puthong Polkit Sangvanich 《Preparative biochemistry & biotechnology》2013,43(2):138-153
The objective of this study was to investigate the activity of a protein identified as cysteine protease, purified from Zingiber ottensii Valeton rhizomes, in terms of antiproliferation against fungi, bacteria, and human malignant cell lines. By means of buffer extraction followed by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography, the obtained dominant protein (designated F50) was submitted to non-denaturing and reducing sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), where a single band and three bands were revealed from eletrophoretic patterns, respectively. It could be concluded at this point that the F50 was potentially a heterotrimer or heterodimer composed of either two small (~13.8 and ~15.2 kD) subunits or these two together with a larger (~32.5 kD) one. In-gel digestion was carried out for the most intense band from reducing SDS-PAGE, and to the resulting material was applied liquid chromatography (LC)–mass spectroscopy (MS)/MS. The main F50 subunit was found to contain fragments with 100% similarity to zingipain-1, a cysteine protease first discovered in Zingiber officinale. The activity corresponding to the identified data, cysteine protease, was then confirmed in the F50 by azocasein assay and a positive result was obtained. The F50 then was further investigated for antiproliferation against three plant pathogenic fungi species by disk diffusion test, four bacterial species by direct exposure in liquid culture and dish diffusion tests, and five human malignant cell lines by tissue culture assay. It was found that a dose of 23.6 µg F50/0.3 cm2 of paper disk exhibited the best inhibitory effect against Collectotrichum cassiicola, while lesser effects were found in Exserohilum turicicum and Fusarium oxysporum, respectively. No inhibitory effect against bacterial proliferation was detected in all studied bacterial strains. However, relatively strong antiproliferative effects were found against five human cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 1.13 µg/mL (hepatoma cancer; HEP-G2) to 5.37 µg/mL (colon cancer; SW620). By periodic acid–Schiff's staining and phenol–sulfuric acid assay, the F50 was determined as a glycoprotein containing 26.30 ± 1.01% (by weight) of carbohydrate. Thus, a new glycoprotein with protease activity was successfully identified in Zingiber ottensii rhizome. The glycoprotein also contained antiproliferative activity against some plant pathogenic fungi and human cancer cell lines. 相似文献
3.
Seven new diarylheptanoids, i.e., (3S,5S)-3,5-diacetoxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane, (3R,5S)-3-acetoxy-5-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane, (3R,5S)-3,5-dihydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane, (5S)-5-acetoxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptan-3-one, 5-hydroxy-1-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptan-3-one, 5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)heptan-3-one and 1,5-epoxy-3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane were isolated from the rhizomes of Chinese ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), along with 25 known compounds, i.e., 8 diarylheptanoids, 14 gingerol analogs, a diterpene and 2 steroids. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods. 相似文献
4.
生姜根茎的发育过程及分泌腔的超微结构 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解生姜(Zingiber officinale Roscoe)根茎的发育过程,在光学显微镜和电子显微镜下对不同发育时期的生姜进行显微和超微结构观察,并对分泌腔的发生发育过程进行了研究。结果表明,幼嫩期的生姜,表皮以内的基本组织可大致分为皮层、拟内皮层和中柱。次生加厚分生组织起源于中柱外侧一些细胞,细胞分裂和体积增大促使生姜发育。薄壁细胞内有大量的淀粉粒且其数量、形状和大小因发育时期而不同。分泌腔广布于生姜中,其发育过程可分为3个阶段:分泌腔原始细胞团形成、分泌腔的发生和成熟分泌腔形成。生姜精油主要在线粒体、质体和细胞质中合成。本研究为生姜药用资源的开发利用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
5.
为了探究生姜化学成分的抗菌活性及初步构效关系,采用色谱法从生姜中分离得到6个姜辣素类化合物,采用波谱法对这6个成分进行鉴定,分别为5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-decen-3-one(1)、5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-dodecen-3-one(2)、5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-tetradecane-3-one(3)、[6]-姜酚(4)、[8]-姜酚(5)和[10]-姜酚(6)。采用抗菌纸片扩散法测定6个化合物对15株病原菌株的抗菌活性。结果表明化合物1和4抗菌活性最好,而6对所有菌株均无活性。初步构效关系分析表明:烯醇型化合物对革兰氏阳性菌的抗菌活性优于姜酚型化合物;而姜酚型化合物对革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌活性优于烯醇型化合物。此外,姜辣素类成分脂肪链的长度增加,可能导致抗菌活性降低。 相似文献
6.
Ginger is an important medicinal and culinary herb, known worldwide for its health promoting properties. Because ginger does not reproduce by seed, but is clonally propagated via rhizome division and replanting, it is susceptible to accumulation and transmittance of pathogens from generation to generation. In addition, such propagation techniques lead to slow multiplication of particularly useful stocks. We have developed an in vitro propagation method to alleviate these problems. Metabolic profiling, using GC/MS and LC-ESI-MS, was used to determine if chemical differences existed between greenhouse grown or in vitro micropropagation derived plants. Three different ginger lines were analyzed. The constituent gingerols and gingerol-related compounds, other diarylheptanoids, and methyl ether derivatives of these compounds, as well as major mono- and sesquiterpenoids were identified. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis revealed chemical differences between lines (yellow ginger vs. white ginger and blue ring ginger) and tissues (rhizome, root, leaf and shoot). However, this analysis indicated that no significant differences existed between growth treatments (conventional greenhouse grown vs. in vitro propagation derived plants). Further statistical analyses (ANOVA) confirmed these results. These findings suggest that the biochemical mechanisms used to produce the large array of compounds found in ginger are not affected by in vitro propagation. 相似文献
7.
Phylogenetic analysis and metabolic profiling were used to investigate the diversity of plant material within the ginger species and between ginger and closely related species in the genus Zingiber (Zingiberaceae). In addition, anti-inflammatory data were obtained for the investigated species. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that all Zingiber officinale samples from different geographical origins were genetically indistinguishable. In contrast, other Zingiber species were significantly divergent, allowing all species to be clearly distinguished using this analysis. In the metabolic profiling analysis, the Z. officinale samples derived from different origins showed no qualitative differences in major volatile compounds, although they did show some significant quantitative differences in non-volatile composition, particularly regarding the content of [6]-, [8]-, and [10]-gingerols, the most active anti-inflammatory components in this species. The differences in gingerol content were verified by HPLC. The metabolic profiles of other Zingiber species were very different, both qualitatively and quantitatively, when compared to Z. officinale and to each other. Comparative DNA sequence/chemotaxonomic phylogenetic trees showed that the chemical characters of the investigated species were able to generate essentially the same phylogenetic relationships as the DNA sequences. This supports the contention that chemical characters can be used effectively to identify relationships between plant species. Anti-inflammatory in vitro assays to evaluate the ability of all extracts from the Zingiber species examined to inhibit LPS-induced PGE(2) and TNF-alpha production suggested that bioactivity may not be easily predicted by either phylogenetic analysis or gross metabolic profiling. Therefore, identification and quantification of the actual bioactive compounds are required to guarantee the bioactivity of a particular Zingiber sample even after performing authentication by molecular and/or chemical markers. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
不同居群生姜呈香部位的气相色谱指纹图谱研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用气相色谱分析技术对代表性产地的生姜水蒸气蒸馏-乙醚萃取物进行了比较,确定了气相色谱分析条件,分析评价了生姜水蒸气蒸馏-乙醚萃取物化学成分指纹图谱,在本文采用的条件下,生姜气相色谱指纹图谱具有较好的特征性,可作为生姜蒸馏法挥发油的专属性指纹图谱。 相似文献