New insights on molecular systematics of opsariichthines based on cytochrome b sequencing

Species or sub-species including Parazacco spilurus fasciatus , Candidia barbatus , Zacco temminckii , Zacco sieboldii , Zacco platypus , Zacco macrolepis , Zacco pachycephalus , some undetermined Zacco taxa formerly misidentified as Chinese Z. platypus and Opsariichthys uncirostris were sampled, and their mitochondrial cytochrome b genes were sequenced. In the phylogenetic analysis, the genus Parazacco forms the basal taxon for the remaining members of the opsariichthine fishes, which can be divided into two major groups. The first group includes species with one longitudinal stripe on the flanks and contains Z. temminckii , Z. sieboldii and C. barbatus with sequence divergences of 12·7–16·5%. The second group has species with 10 cross bars on the body and includes O. uncirostris , Z. macrolepis , Z. platypus , Z. pachycephalus and five undetermined Zacco spp. (A–E) lineages. The estimated divergence times of mtDNA lineages within the nominal species of Z. pachycephalus and C. barbatus are >2 million years ago. According to geological evidence, this predates the earliest possible time for their arrival in Taiwan Island and indicates that the population differentiations might have been taken place in mainland China before their subsequent dispersal to Taiwan.     

低温锻炼和低温胁迫期间翠南报春叶肉细胞超微结构的适应变化

低温锻炼(10℃)期间翠南报春叶肉细胞线粒体增加并出现质膜内陷现象,低温胁迫(0℃)过程中,低温锻炼植株的细胞超微结构表现相对稳定,叶绿体片层结构和线粒体数目都未发生明显变化。未受低温锻炼植株线粒体数目在低温胁迫第2天增多,第3、4天逐渐减少,并在第3天出现质膜内陷现象。多泡体和囊泡结构有时伴随着质膜内陷出现。这种变化可能是经低温锻炼的翠南报春抗寒性提高的细胞结构基础。     

Clonorchis sinensis metacercarial infection in the pond smelt Hypomesus olidus and the minnow Zacco platypus collected from the Soyang and Daechung Lakes

The pond smelt Hypomesus olidus and minnow Zacco platypus were collected from the Soyang and Daechung Lakes in January 2003, and their metacercarial infections was examined by the muscle compression and artificial digestion techniques. In the Soyang Lake, 161 metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis (0.35 per fish) were harvested from 459 pond smelts examined. Also, 13 metacercariae of C. sinensis (0.43 per fish), 1 of Metagonimus sp., 4 of Echinostoma sp., 148 of Centrocestus armatus and 44 unidentified species were collected from 30 minnows. In the Daechung Lake, 369 metacercariae of C. sinensis (3.69 per fish) and 51 unidentified species were recovered from 100 pond smelts. The metacercariae of C. sinensis were fed to experimental rats, in which the adult flukes were identified. The pond smelts and minnows collected from the Soyang and Daechung Lakes were verified to be the second intermediate hosts and the sources of human C. sinensis infection.     

The Effect of the Apical Bud on the Growth of Lateral Buds on Subterranean Shoots

The influence of the apical bud on the growth of the lateral buds on subterranean shoots was studied in Stachys sieboldiiMig. and Helianthus rigidus(Gass.) Desv. Removing and damaging the apical parts of subterranean shoots or their treatment with 2% chlorocholine chloride shoot enhanced shoot branching. The response to light of the apical bud was invariably negative: the stolons, which came out or were extracted from the soil, grew back into the ground (negative phototropism). The response to light of lateral buds was autonomous and depended on the conditions of their initiation. The lateral buds developed in darkness manifested negative phototropism when withdrawn from the soil and exposed to the light, whereas the buds developed in the light showed positive phototropism. The author concludes that the concept of apical dominance, thoroughly studied in aboveground shoots, is also valid for subterranean shoots. However, in contrast to the former, in the latter case, the apical bud does not control the growth orientation of the lateral buds.     

江西三清山濒危植物天女花种子特性研究

研究了江西三清山天女花种子的特性,结果表明：(1)三清山天女花种群种子雨自10月初开始,10月末结束,10月中旬强度达高峰,玉京峰地段天女花种子雨持续时间较短;(2)产种率受母树冠层影响,即上层>中层>下层;种子败育率高(49.4%～100.0%);(3)主成分分析表明,乔木层盖度、大气湿度、光照因子以及土壤含水量对天女花种子发育产生显著影响。     

三清山濒危植物天女花种群生殖对策研究

天女花是国家Ⅲ级保护植物,为了解其生存状况、生殖潜能、生态对策以及为该植物的保护提供理论依据,运用种群年龄结构、生殖力表和生殖值表,研究了三清山濒危植物天女花(Magnolia sieboldii)在三清宫和玉京峰4个样地中的种群动态及生殖策略.结果显示:(1)三清山天女花种群幼苗较少(8.8～12.3株/100 m2),中龄个体数量多(12.0～15.0株/100 m2);(2)4个样地种群生育力均较低,但生境较好的样地最低(177.0粒/株),而生境较差的样地最高(218.3粒/株),生殖适度与之相反;(3)生殖值Vx极大值出现的时间与群落的稳定性相反,较差的生境条件往往导致天女花最短时间内达到最大生殖阶段;(4)天女花种群生殖投资较少,生态对策总体属于k对策者,但在较差的生境中表现出增大生殖投资,即存在r对策种群特征;(5)海拔、郁闭度、坡向和岩石裸露率对天女花生殖产生显著影响,与天女花生殖指标表现为多元线性关系.     

黄山濒危植物小花木兰生态位与年龄结构研究

基于对黄山风景区濒危植物小花木兰（Magnolia seiboldii）分布群落的样地调查,采用定量分析的方法,研究了小花木兰群落中主要种群的生态位宽度、生态位重叠和小花木兰种群的年龄结构．结果表明：（1）分别用Levins和Shannon weiner两指数测得的主要优势种群的生态位宽度结果基本一致;重要值大的种群一般具有较宽的生态位。生态位重叠与生态位宽度有关,具较宽生态位的种群一般与其他种群具有较高的生态位重叠,另外,具有相似生境要求和相似生物学特征的种群间也具有较大的生态位重叠,如都是耐萌种的小花木兰与四照花（Dendrobenthamia japonica）的生态位重叠值较高。种群间生态位重叠程度较高,物种间关系复杂,对资源共享趋势明显。（2）小花木兰为星散间断分布,在群落中处于伴生从属地位,生存易受群落变化的影响。对生境要求相似的种群在同一生境下当资源充分时能形成良好的共生关系,支持林思祖等人的生态位重叠与竞争不成相关关系的学说。（3）通过对小花木兰年龄结构的统计发现,小花木兰年龄结构不完整,属于衰退型,幼苗储备严重不足,成为该种群更新的一大瓶颈。（4）它的高海拔分布显示了低温是它生存的一个重要保证;水分也是影响小花木兰种群动态的重要因子。散花坞生境中小花木兰生长良好,呈增长趋势,而清凉台生境小花木兰则表现为年龄老化,呈衰退趋势。散花坞和清凉台可视为重点保护生境,其间生境差异导致的种群动态差异有待于进一步探讨。     

扬子毛茛和石龙芮的核型研究

报道了浙江省常见的２种毛茛属植物－扬子毛茛和石龙芮的染色体资料,扬子毛茛体细胞染色体数目２ｎ＝３２,核型组成;Ｋ（２ｎ）＝４ｘ＝３２＝１６ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋８ｓｔ。石龙芮体细胞染色体数目２ｎ＝３２,核型组成;Ｋ（２ｎ）＝４ｘ＝３２＝８ｍ＋２４ｓｍ。