苏云金杆菌ZLL13晶体蛋白分析及其菌糠液态培养基的优化

食用菌栽培废料,简称菌糠(spent mushroom substrate, SMS)是食用菌栽培和生产的残留物,其含有丰富的甲壳素、木质纤维和蛋白质等,可为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis, Bt)的生长提供所需的营养物质。本研究以优化后的前处理条件制备的菌糠浸提液(2%硫酸, 121℃, 1 h)作为主要碳源,通过单因素试验、Plackett-Burman设计、最陡爬坡和响应面分析等方法来优化最佳培养基组分,结果表明,54%SMS浸提液,31.9 g/L大豆饼粉、0.88 g/L CaCO3、0.4 g/L MnSO4、0.5 g/L K2HPO4和0.4 g/L吐温100为最佳培养基配方,且优化后培养基(1.8×108/mL)产生的孢子数是原始SMS培养基(0.065×108/mL)的27倍,这不仅为菌糠的二次利用提供一种新的有效方法,而且也可以大大降低生产Bt所需要的发酵成本,具有良好的应用前景。     

OsPNH1 regulates leaf development and maintenance of the shoot apical meristem in rice

The Arabidopsis PINHEAD/ZWILLE (PNH/ZLL) gene is thought to play an important role in the formation of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and in leaf adaxial cell specification. To investigate the molecular mechanisms of rice development, we have isolated a rice homologue of PNH/ZLL, called OsPNH1. Around the SAM, OsPNH1 was strongly expressed in developing leaf primordia, specifically in the presumptive vascular domains, developing vascular tissues, a few cell-layers of the adaxial region, and future bundle sheath extension cells. In the SAM, only weak expression was observed in the central region, whereas strong expression was detected in the mid-vein region of leaf founder cells in the peripheral SAM domain. We produced transgenic rice plants containing the antisense OsPNH1 strand. The antisense OsPNH1 plants developed malformed leaves with an altered vascular arrangement and abnormal internal structure. These plants also formed an aberrant SAM with reduced KNOX gene expression. We examined the subcellular localization of the OsPNH1-GFP fusion protein and found that it was localized in the cytoplasm. On the basis of these observations, we propose that OsPNH1 functions not only in SAM maintenance as previously thought, but also in leaf formation through vascular development.