云南高黎贡山西坡玉山竹属二新种简

发表了云南高黎贡山西坡玉山竹属二新种：大玉山竹（Yushania gigantea Yi et L.Yang）和片马玉山竹（Yushania pianmaensis Yi et L.Yang）。大玉山竹近似西藏玉山竹（Y.xizangensis Yi）,不同在于秆柄粗壮,直径7~12 mm,节间长达2.5 cm;秆较高大,高6~7 m,节间分枝一侧基部扁平或具短纵沟槽;小枝具（5）6（7）叶;叶鞘较长,长（2.5）3.2~4.8 cm;叶柄无毛;叶片较大,长（3.5）10~ 18（20） cm,宽(4.5)8~13（18） mm,易于区别。片马玉山竹相似大玉山竹（Y.gigantea Yi et L.Yang）,但本种秆较矮小,高2.5~4 m,直径1~1.8（2.5） cm;枝条较多而细,在秆上每节12~30枚,直径1~1.5（2） mm;箨鞘背面无毛,箨片较小,长1.5~3.5 cm,宽1~2.5 mm;小枝具叶较少,为（3）4~5枚;叶片较小,长达12.5 cm,宽达8 mm。     

我国云南西部玉山竹属一新种及粗毛箭竹花部特征补记

发表了产于云南西部的玉山竹属一新种永德玉山竹(Yushania yongdeensis Yi et J. Y. Shi)。补充记载了雪山箭竹(Fargesia lincangensis Yi)的花部特征。     

贵州竹子新报道

发表了产于贵州的玉山竹属2新种,即窄叶玉山竹和细弱玉山竹。赤竹（Sasa longiligula McClure）、单枝竹（Bonia saxatilis(Chia, H. L. Fung et Y. L. Yang) N. H. Xia）为贵州新分布竹种,并对其中赤竹的花做了补充描述。     

Phenolics from the culms of five bamboo species in the Tangjiahe and Wolong Giant Panda Reserves,Sichuan, China

Phenolic compounds were studied in the culms of five bamboo species collected in China: Yushania chungii, Fargesia robusta, Fargesia denudata, Fargesia rufa and Fargesia scabrida. All the species are eaten by giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). The culms contained phenolic acids and flavonoids in small concentrations, except for F. robusta, which did not contain flavonoids in detectable amounts. The species differed from each other in their phenolic composition. For example, F. rufa with the highest number of compounds clearly differed from other species. There were also differences among sampling sites, which reflect the differences among genotypes. Furthermore, there were clear ontogenetic differences in the culms: some compounds were present in mature culms but not in young (1–2 year old) culms, while the concentrations of other compounds decreased with increasing age. Over all, the composition and concentrations of soluble phenolic compounds in the bamboo culms were affected by species, age and site.     

Population genetic structure of Yushania niitakayamensis (Bambusoideae, Poaceae) in Taiwan

Yushania niitakayamensis is distributed in Taiwan, south-west China and northern Philippines. In Taiwan, the species occurs in the central mountain ranges from 1500 to 3500 m in altitude. Morphological variation, especially in terms of plant height, is large, with plants ranging from 10 cm to 5 m in height. The species appears to spread mainly by rhizomes and flowers rarely, leading to the prediction that most populations are comprised of a single or a few clonal genotypes and that the observed morphological variation is primarily due to phenotypic plasticity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the genetic structure of this species on Mt Hohuan in central Taiwan. Ten plants from a single clone and ten plants of unknown genetic background were surveyed at one site in order to select RAPD primers useful for clone identification. Plants at a second site were collected at 1-m intervals across a 50-m transect through the population. Plants at one extreme (exposed portion) of the transect were approximately 15–30 cm in height, whereas plants up to 410 cm in height were found at the other shaded end of the transect. Comparison of amplification profiles for 12 primers revealed that in contrast to our predictions of genetic uniformity, many samples had reproducibly different RAPD amplification profiles, with the 51 samples representing 31 clones. These data imply that the clone size is relatively small, and the population is actually highly diverse genetically. The genetic variation in this population may be due to a higher frequency of sexual reproduction during the evolutionary history of the species and/or a high somatic mutation rate for RAPD loci in clones of Yushania.     

Phylogenomics of Fargesia and Yushania reveals a history of reticulate evolution

Reticulate evolution is a common and important driving force in angiosperm evolution. In this study, we analyzed the phylogenetic signals of genomic regions with different inheritance patterns to understand the evolutionary process of organisms using species-rich Himalaya–Hengduan taxa of bamboos (Fargesia Franchet and Yushania Keng). We constructed phylogenetic trees using different sampling strategies and reconstruction methods based on genome skimming and double digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing data. We assessed the congruence of topologies generated from different datasets and employed several approaches to reveal the causes of phylogenetic incongruence, including the detection of hybridization and introgression using PhyloNetworks and the D-statistic test (ABBA-BABA test). We found that, in the plastome-based phylogeny, Fargesia bamboos can be clustered into three groups and Yushania was nested within one of them, which contradicts the nuclear–double digest restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing-based phylogeny. Moreover, the genetic variation of chloroplast DNA is significantly correlated with geographical distribution. The strong signal of incomplete lineage sorting, hybridization, introgression, and cytoplasmic gene flow found among genera and species suggests that reticulate evolution is the main cause for the phylogenetic incongruence between nuclear and chloroplast datasets. Our results add evidence that genomes with different inheritance patterns can reveal distinct evolutionary histories of species and suggest that reticulate evolution is prevalent in rapidly diversifying groups.