野生植物甜菜树嫩茎叶的营养成分分析

甜菜树[Yunnanopilia longistaminea(W.Z.Li)C.Y.Wuet D.Z.Li]为山柚子科(Opiliaceae)甜菜树属(YunnanopiliaC.Y.Wu et D.Z.Li)植物,小乔木,主要分布于云南红河谷地区海拔1 000～1 400 m的河谷密林中,邻近的云南东南部和广西西南部也有分布[1].每年3-8月间当地民众主要采食其嫩茎叶,炒食、做汤或腌制都鲜甜爽口,一直是当地非常受欢迎的特色野菜,鲜菜市场价格远高于一般栽培蔬菜和野生蔬菜的价格,且供不应求,具有广阔的市场开发前景.本文对甜菜树可食部分嫩茎叶的水分、灰分、总酸、总糖、碳水化合物、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、Vc、氨基酸及矿物质含量进行了分析,为甜菜树的开发利用提供科学依据.     

Phylogenetic placement of Yunnanopilia (Opiliaceae) inferred from molecular and morphological data

Yunnanopilia longistaminea (W.Z. Li) C.Y. Wu & D.Z. Li, which is a controversial species in Opiliaceae, is treated as a variety of Champereia manillana (Blume) Merrill in the Flora of China and morphological analysis has produced conflicting results regarding its affinity to Melientha and Champereia. To determine the systematic position of Yunnanopilia in Opiliaceae, we selected two nuclear regions (internal transcribed spacer [ITS4‐ITS5] and 18S rDNA) and four chloroplast regions (rbcL, matK, psbA‐trnH, and trnS‐trnG) to test the phylogenetics of the family Opiliaceae using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analysis. Morphological characteristics were also examined to clarify the similarities and differences among Y. longistaminea and two closely related species. Agonandra was located at the basal position in the family Opiliaceae; in the large clade including other remaining genera, two main clades were clearly identified and correlated with inflorescence morphological characteristics. All samples of Y. longistaminea formed a clade. Yunnanopilia, Melientha, and Champereia were more closely related than other genera of Opiliaceae. Yunnanopilia longistaminea was sister to M. suavis Pierre and was more closely related to M. suavis than to C. manillana. Morphological analysis also showed that differences in the inflorescences and flowers between Y. longistaminea and M. suavis were substantial enough to warrant the retention of Y. longistaminea in its current genus. Thus, we suggest that the monotypic Yunnanopilia be treated as a distinct genus and that the name Y. longistaminea should be adopted.     

甜菜树属--我国云南产山柚子科一原始新属及其植物地理学意义

报道了我国云南红河流域山柚子科的一个原始新属－－甜菜树属,该属具大型圆锥花序,两性,是Ｌｅｐｉｏｎｕｒｕｓ,Ｍｅｌｉｅｎｔｈａ和Ｃｈａｍｐｅｕｅｉａ３个单型属的祖型,远远无疑起源于康滇古陆即今之云南高原,其发现对山柚子科的起源分化具重要意义。     

遮荫对濒危植物甜菜树光合生理和叶绿素荧光特性的影响

以西南特有濒危植物甜菜树为材料,研究了不同遮荫处理(全光照、50％遮荫、65％遮荫和80％遮荫)对甜菜树叶片光合特性、叶绿素荧光和气孔特征的影响,为甜菜树种质资源保育和开发利用提供科学依据。结果表明：50％遮荫处理显著提高了甜菜树叶片净光合速率,80％遮荫处理则起抑制作用;50％遮荫和65％遮荫处理提高甜菜树叶蒸腾速率,有利于光合作用的进行;80％遮荫处理下胞间 CO 2浓度提高,抑制了甜菜树叶蒸腾作用和光合作用;50％遮荫和65％遮荫处理下净光合速率提高,说明甜菜树对遮荫有一定的适应性;叶绿素荧光方面,80％遮荫处理导致叶片 PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F v/F m )和实际光化学效率(ФPSⅡ)下降。甜菜树叶片光合特性与气孔结构关系密切,遮荫降低甜菜树叶片气孔密度。