The age-sex structure of the slave population in Harris County, Texas: 1850 and 1860

The effect of the slave system on demography can be revealed by examining the age-sex structure of slave populations. The age-sex structure of slaves in Harris County, Texas is investigated using the 1850 and 1860 slave schedules. Median ages for black and mulatto slaves suggest that the population was young. Population pyramids exhibit a narrow base and top with a broad middle. The high proportion of slaves between 10 and 30 years of age and the increase in population size between 1850 and 1860 were mainly related to the importation of slaves and only partly due to natural increase. The data also show that black slaves were older on small plantations while mulattoes were older on larger farms. It is suggested that differential treatment in terms of purchase practices, assignment of tasks, food allocation, and/or differential susceptibility to infectious diseases may account for this pattern.     

葱兰黄化病病原类菌原体的研究

葱兰为石蒜科(Amaryllidaceae)草本植物,是一种在我国各地普遍栽培的多年生观赏花卉.葱兰黄化病是1992年在杭州发现的一种新病害,该病对葱兰的生长和观赏价值有严重影响.罹病株(丛)最初表现为深红色斑点,逐渐扩大为鲜红色条斑或斑块并转为亮黄色,最后整株叶片大部分转为鲜艳的黄色,呈现典型的系统侵染.发病1—2月后整株(丛)地上部分枯死.发病一般始于早春(3月上旬),春末夏初有一个发病高峰期;秋末有另一个发病期,但病状较轻;感染株有恢复现象,即在下一个生长季能从地下部分重新生长出叶片,但病株叶片明显细小,有丛簇现象,病株开花少且花期短.作者从1992年春起,对该病害进行了病原分离、生物学测定和病组织超薄切片电镜检查,发现该病害可能与类菌原体有关,现将研究结果报告如下.1 材料和方法1.1 样品感病植株分别于1992年4月采自浙江农业大学校园和1992年6月采自杭州花圃,用盆栽保存于防虫温室中,同时采取健株作为对照.1.2 用病株分离病原和接种     

Response of yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) in acid subsoil to micronutrient additions

Summary Singular additions of Cu, Zn and Mo had little effect on height or diameter of yellow birch growing in acid subsoil. However, dry weight of leaves was increased by Zn and dry weight of stems was increased by both Mo and Zn. In addition, several macronutrient levels in leaves and roots were increased by micronutrients, and Al in roots was decreased (by 50%). Zn was the most effective in causing these favorable changes. Application of Zn is suggested as an alternative or supplement to application of limestone in correcting these problems of yellow birch in acid subsoil.     

Neurosecretory cells in the circadian-clock system of the scorpion,Androctonus australis

Summary The somata of the efferent neurosecretory fibers that control the circadian sensitivity rhythm in the median eyes of the scorpion, Androctonus australis, were detected in the brain by retrograde labeling with Lucifer Yellow CH. A total of 20–40 neurons are arranged in two groups displaying a bilaterally symmetrical, marginal position near the circumesophageal connectives. Half the cells in each group send fibers into the ipsilateral optic nerve; the fibers from the other half enter the contralateral optic nerve.     

基于适宜性分析的黄河首曲地区生态旅游功能区划研究

黄河首曲地区具有突出的生态功能和较高的旅游价值,研究选取距水域湿地距离、草地覆盖情况、森林覆盖情况、海拔高度、坡度和偏远程度6个表征地区自然性的标准,采用GIS技术与层次分析法相结合的方法对黄河首曲地区生态旅游适宜性进行了分析,并结合首曲自然保护区要求对研究区进行了旅游功能区划。研究区生态旅游适宜性可划分为五级,Ⅰ级适宜度最低,适合开发一般的生态旅游或大众旅游,V级地区适宜度最高,原生态景观价值突出,但环境敏感性也高,宜发展严格生态旅游,以最大化保护生态环境。出于协调旅游功能与生态功能的统一以实现地区生态景观可持续利用的目的,研究区被划分为3类功能区、8类功能亚区,且均具有各自特殊的主导和辅助服务功能。研究最后根据各功能区、亚区的特殊服务功能提出了相应的调控措施,以促进生态旅游的合理性规划及未来可持续发展。     

黄河口岸线变迁对潮滩盐沼景观格局变化的影响

基于2001、2005和2010年3期TM遥感影像,运用GIS技术,分析了黄河三角洲不同区士或(Ⅰ区,刁口段;Ⅱ区,东营港及临近岸段;Ⅲ区,河口段;Ⅳ区,南部莱州湾岸段)潮滩盐沼的景观演变与海岸线变迁的动因关系。结果表明,岸线变迁直接决定了潮滩盐沼面积的增长或缩减,但其在不同区域的影响程度差异较大。2001-2010年,Ⅰ区由于1976年以后刁口流路废弃、水沙输入量锐减导致其岸线持续蚀退,潮滩面积锐减明显(减少57.64 km~2,减少率25.94%);Ⅲ区由于1976年以后黄河由清水沟或清8汉入海,河口区域的持续淤积状态使得岸线持续增长,潮滩面积增加显著(增加66.17 km~2,增长率17.39%);而Ⅱ区由于海堤修建及港口建设等人类活动影响,岸线基本处于稳定状态,潮滩面积变化不大,Ⅳ区潮滩面积持续增加。不同区域潮滩盐沼景观格局随距海远近均呈明显带状分布,依次为芦苇盐沼、碱蓬-柽柳-芦苇盐沼、碱蓬盐沼和光滩。2001-2010年,不同景观类型之间存在明显转移,光滩、碱蓬盐沼和芦苇盐沼的面积持续减少(分别减少6.02、18.39和99.20 km~2,减少率为4.61%、12.86%和50.11%),碱蓬-柽柳-芦苇盐沼的面积整体呈增加趋势(增加35.50 km~2,增长率为24.99%)。研究发现,不同区域的景观类型均随岸线的淤积或蚀退而发生向海或向陆的演替,岸线变迁是影响不同区域潮滩盐沼景观格局的决定因素,而黄河调水调沙工程的长期实施对于近年来河口段岸线的变迁以及盐沼植被景观类型的演变具有深刻影响。     

基于线粒体控制区序列的黄河上游厚唇裸重唇鱼种群遗传结构

采集黄河上游厚唇裸重唇鱼(Gymnodiptychus pachycheilus)甘肃玛曲群体,测定其线粒体DNA控制区序列,并从GenBank中下载青海玛多和贵德等3地2个群体的同源序列,分析该物种的遗传多样性、遗传结构及其演化历史.从81条729 bp序列中,检测到26个变异位点(占3.57％),碱基序列总的单倍型多样性为0.844,核苷酸多样性为0.0054,界定了34个单倍型,有1个广布单倍型H2,占所有样品的38.27％.单倍型网络图图显示单倍型没有明显的亲缘地理格局,H2处于中心,呈星状发散,系统发育分析没有显示出单倍型与地理位置的对应关系.AMOVA分析显示变异主要来自地理区内群体间,歧点分布和中性检测显示厚唇裸重唇鱼近期经历了种群扩张.分析表明黄河上游3地种厚唇裸重唇鱼种群未出现分化,建议应作为一个整体进行保护.