湖南蓝山县端午药市的瑶药调查

中国南方一些少数民族地区民间“端午药市”流传至今,体现了民族医药的独具特色及其深远影响。为了解瑶族端午药市交易现状和发掘民族医药传统知识,采用民族植物学等方法对湖南省蓝山县端午药市进行调查,完成包括基原、地方名、药用部位、用途和用法、出现频度等内容的药用植物编目。结果表明:蓝山县端午药市药用植物种类丰富,共收集鉴定103科 222属262种,药用植物种类广泛分布于各科和各属中,其中种类较多的科有五加科(11种)、茜草科(11种)、菊科(11种)、百合科(10种)、唇形科(9种)、蝶形花科(8种)、芸香科(7种)。药市药浴植物畅销且种类多样,达94种,占总数的35.9%,体现瑶族在治疗疾病上以预防保健为主的理念。经统计药市上均未被国家药典和地方标准收录的药用植物有131种,占总数的50.2%,成为发掘新药源、新用途的潜在资源。对端午药市售药者年龄的调查发现,售药者的年龄主要集中在50～59岁间,占总人数的67%,40岁以下的仅占总人数的3%,可见民族药用传统知识的传承存在传承人老龄化、潜在传承人数量锐减的现象。此外,还对药市交易药用植物的种类组成和民族药用特色进行分析,探讨了端午药市对药用传统知识保护与传承的影响,并对蓝山端午药市的可持续发展提出了建议。     

New Species of Meconopsis(Papaveraceae) from Laojun Shan and Yao Shan,Northern Yunnan,China

Two new species,Meconopsis muscicola and M.yaoshanensis(Papaveraceae),are described and characterized.Differences separating them from similar species are discussed and photos showing their diagnostic features are provided.     

瑶药冷骨风质量控制方法研究

瑶药冷骨风来源于睡莲科植物萍蓬草(Nuphar pumilum)的干燥根茎,为瑶族人习用药材,具有止咳补虚、除蒸止汗、祛瘀调经、止血的作用,目前历版《中国药典》和地方标准并未有收载其质量控制方法。该研究收集了10批冷骨风药材,采用生药鉴别方法对冷骨风药材性状进行显微鉴别,用TLC(薄层色谱)法对药材进行定性鉴别,用高效液相色谱法对没食子酸含量进行测定。结果表明:(1)色谱柱为Welch Ultimate XB-C_(18)柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.05%磷酸溶液(5∶95),流速为1.0 mL·min~(-1),检测波长为272 nm,柱温为室温。(2)建立了冷骨风药材性状、显微、TLC鉴别方法。(3)含量测定中没食子酸在0.072 1~0.360 5μg范围时,进样量与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为103.66%,RSD为2.03%(n=6)。(4)10批样品没食子酸含量为0.82%~1.23%,平均含量为0.94%。因此,建立的瑶药冷骨风质量控制方法具有较强的科学性,可用于冷骨风药材的质量控制。     

白裤瑶体质人类学研究

本文对953名(男605人,女348人)生活在贵州和广西接境地带的白裤瑶民族进行了活体调查(观察28个项目,测量63个项目)。调查对象年龄为22—55岁,三代均系白裤瑶。分析结果表明：白裤瑶属蒙古人种南亚类型,具有典型现代黄种人的容貌特征。多为圆头型,以超狭面型多见,属中鼻型,矮型身材。白裤瑶与南方16个少数民族群体10项头面部体部测量数据聚类分析,结果显示白裤瑶人群的体质特征与贵州毛南族、湖南侗族、云南苗族最为接近,与广西苗族、彝族、侗族、瑶族次之,与贵州苗族、水族以及湖南土家族、瑶族等民族较远。     

广西544例瑶族儿童的皮纹学观察

本文对广西544例瑶族儿童的皮纹进行了观察分析,计算出指纹类型的百分率、指纹脊线总数、a-b脊线数、主线横向指数、掌纹主线止区、指间及大小鱼际真实花样的百分率、踇趾球部花样的百分率共七项基本参数。与汉族比较,瑶族的皮纹既有自己的特点,又具有汉族的一般特性。     

广东瑶族青少年学生体表面积研究

研究瑶族青少年身高、体重及体表面积的生长发育状况, 为建立瑶族中小学生健康指标评价体系提供依据。采用Stevenson公式和胡咏梅公式计算每位学生的体表面积, 并求得7—18岁12个年龄组的男女学生的体表面积均数。结果显示: 瑶族青少年学生的身高、体重及体表面积随年龄增长而增长, 且其增长速度男女生均可分为匀速增长期、快速增长期、缓慢增长期3个不同时期; 男女生身高、体重及体表面积发育曲线均出现双交叉现象。两法统计的瑶族青少年的体表面积均随年龄增长而增长。胡咏梅法计算的体表面积大于Stevenson法(P<0.01)。     

New Species of Meconopsis (Papaveraceae) from Laojun Shan and Yao Shan,Northern Yunnan,China

Two new species, Meconopsis muscicola and M.yaoshanensis (Papaveraceae), are described and characterized. Differences separating them from similar species are discussed and photos showing their diagnostic features are provided.     

RYBP Inhibits Progression and Metastasis of Lung Cancer by Suppressing EGFR Signaling and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

Lung cancer (LC) is a common lethal malignancy with rapid progression and metastasis, and Ring1 and YY1 binding protein (RYBP) has been shown to suppress cell growth in human cancers. This study aimed to investigate the role of RYBP in LC progression and metastasis. In this study, a total of 149 LC patients were recruited, and the clinical stage of their tumors, metastasis status, survival time, presence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation, and RYBP expression levels were measured. RYBP silencing and overexpression were experimentally performed in LC cell lines and in nude mice, and the expressions of genes in EGFR-related signaling pathways and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were detected. The results showed that RYBP was downregulated in LC compared with adjacent normal tissues, and low RYBP expression was associated with a more severe clinical stage, high mortality, high metastasis risk, and poor survival. Cell proliferation and xenograft growth were inhibited by RYBP overexpression, whereas proliferation and xenograft growth were accelerated by RYBP silencing. EGFR and phosphorylated-EGFR levels were upregulated when RYBP was silenced, whereas EGFR, p-EGFR, p-AKT, and p-ERK were downregulated when RYBP was overexpressed. Low RYBP expression was related to a high metastasis risk, and metastasized tumors showed low RYBP levels. Cell migration and invasion were promoted by silencing RYBP but were inhibited by overexpressed RYBP. In addition, the EMT marker vimentin showed diminished expression, and E-cadherin was promoted by the overexpression of RYBP. In conclusion, our data suggest that RYBP suppresses cell proliferation and LC progression by impeding the EGFR-ERK and EGFR-AKT signaling pathways and thereby inhibiting cell migration and invasion and LC metastasis through the suppression of EMT.     

湖南省江华瑶族自治县瑶族体质人类学初步研究

对湖南省江华瑶族自治县588名17至89岁的瑶族男(349)女(239)进行了活体测量,观察和摄影,并和当地汉族及瑶汉混血进行了比较。     

中国瑶族人群(广西)9个STR基因多态性研究

采用STR基因扫描技术选择D3S1358,vWA,FGA,THO1,TPOX,CSF1P0,D5S818, D13S317 和 D7S820 9种STR基因座,研究我国瑶族人群STR遗传多态性。在瑶族群体中9个STR基因座共检出61个等位基因,其频率分布在0.0054~0.5924,平均杂合度为0.7357,多态信息量为0.6887,累积个体识别率为2.02×10-10,非父排除率为0.9999。结果表明,在人类遗传学、法学科等领域建立本民族本地区遗传学资料是十分重要和必不可少的。 Study on 9 STR Loci Polymorphism from Chinese Yao Ethnic Group(Guangxi) GAO Fang1,BI Shi-hua2,LAI Jiang-hua1,LI Sheng-bin1,2 1.National Laboratory of Forensic Sciences,Xian Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710061; 2.Human Genome Genter,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101 China Abstract:Genetic polymorphism of nine STR loci was investigated from a Chinese Yao population based on STR Genescan.Sixty one alleles was determined for 9 loci,such as D3S1358,vWA,FGA,THO1,TPOX,CSF1P0,D5S818,D13S317 and D7S820 with their frequencies 0.0054~0.5924.The average heterozygosity(H) was 0.7357,polymorphism information content(PIC) was 0.6887,the accumulative discrimination power(DP) was 2.02×10-10 and the probability of paternity exclusion(PPE) was 0.9999.These results suggested that the nine STR loci are very useful for human identification,such as analyzing forensic casework,establishing DNA databases,processing paternity test and studying gene natural resources. Key words：STR;genescan;Yao ethnic group;individual identification