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One case of malignant peripheral neuroectodermal tumour successfully diagnosed by cytology is presented. Although a Papanicolaou stained smear could not lead to a diagnosis more specific than a malignant small cell tumour, ancillary analytic methods performed on the cytologic material including immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy yielded the correct diagnosis of peripheral neuroectodermal tumour. This case demonstrates that a precise categorization of small round cell tumours may be achieved by cytology as long as some material is kept for immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies. 相似文献
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The "squeeze" form of power grip is investigated for the purposes of clarifying the hand posture and activities associated with the grip, assessing the potential in chimpanzees for using the grip, and identifying morphological correlates of an effective power grip that may be recognized in fossil hominid species. Our approaches include: (1) the analysis of the human grip, focusing on both the hand posture involved and hand movements associated with use of the grip in hammering; (2) the analysis of similar chimpanzee grips and associated movements; (3) comparative functional analysis of regions in the hand exploited and stressed by the grip and its associated movements in humans; and (4) a review of the literature on the power grip and its morphological correlates. Results of the study indicate that humans use a squeeze form of power grip effectively to wield cylindrical tools forcefully as extensions of the forearm. Several morphological features occur in high frequency among humans which facilitate the grip and are consistent with the large internal and external forces associated with it in hammering and in other tool-using activities. Chimpanzee hand postures resembling this form of human power grip are not fully comparable and lack some of these morphological correlates that facilitate its use. The hand of Australopithecus afarensis does not appear to have been stressed by use of the grip, but there is some evidence for this type of stress in the metacarpals from Sterkfontein Member 4. Hands from Olduvai and Swartkrans do not provide sufficient evidence for assessment of power grip capabilities. 相似文献
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Two methods of storing fine needle aspirates were compared in 14 patients with breast cancer. the methods of storage were: (1) as a Cytospin slide prepared immediately from the aspirated material and stored at −80°C; (2) as a suspension of cells in tissue culture medium, stored at −80°C. the effect of storage on the cells was assessed by means of an oestrogen receptor immunocytochemical assay (ER-ICA). an ER positivity of 100% was obtained by ER-ICA staining of cells after storage method 1, whilst all of the specimens stored by method 2 were ER-negative. the data demonstrate that cells stored in tissue culture medium at −80°C are not suitable for ER measurement. the storage method of choice for specimens intended for ERICA is as a Cytospin slide. the ER status of cells deposited on Cytospin slides prepared immediately and stored at −80°C for 2 years could be demonstrated despite the delay in processing the specimen. 相似文献
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R. CODDINGTON A. CUTHBERT I. D. CAMPBELL A. HERBERT J. M. THEAKER G. T. ROYLE I. TAYLOR 《Cytopathology》1993,4(5):257-266
Oestrogen receptor (ER) status of 77 cases of screen-detected breast cancer has been determined using cytological preparations. In 48% ER status was positive, which was the same proportion as that formed in a control group of age-matched patients with symptomatic breast carcinoma. Since the screen-detected group contained more low grade tumours, the percentage of ER-positive cases would be expected to be higher. the reasons for the discrepancy are discussed. Ki67 score has been determined for 41 cases of screen-detected cancer. Ki67 score showed a positive correlation with histological tumour grade and a negative correlation with ER status. However, there was no correlation with tumour size or lymph node status. the Ki67 scores in the screen-detected cancers were essentially similar to those found in an age-matched symptomatic group, but the very low scores were only found in the screened group. 相似文献
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Inadequate rates (IR) in FNAC from different sources were compared. The rates were lowest when FNAC was performed by a cytopathologist (12%) and highest when done by a non-cytopathologist (32%). These differences were mirrored in high IRs in breast cancer cases. IR was not significantly improved when non-cytopathologist FNAC was attended by a cytotechnician. 相似文献
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B. Cochand-Priollet J.-J. Prat M. Polivka L. Thienpont H. Dahan M. Wassef P.-J. Guillausseau 《Cytopathology》2003,14(6):343-349
This study had several purposes: to define cytomorphological features of thyroid cells that might be modified by alcohol fixation; to optimize May-Grünwald–Giemsa (MGG) staining on ThinPrep® (TP; Cytyc Inc., Bexborough, MA, USA) slides and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of slides prepared by a liquid-based method with those obtained by conventional technique. This study included 120 cases of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid and 55 FNAs performed on surgically resected thyroid specimens. Histological control was available in 80 cases. In the first group of 120 FNAs, a split-sample technique was used for the TP. Three screenings were performed: first, an individual screening of the conventional smears (CS) and of the TP, a second screening to compare cells observed on the TP with the histological control and a third screening to assess the previously defined diagnostic criteria. Twenty-seven TP cases (22%) were considered unsatisfactory for diagnosis compared with 10 in CS (8%). The high rate of unsatisfactory cases with TP is likely to be due to the use of the split-sample technique. The sensitivity was 94% for CS and 81% for TP. The specificity was 67% and 60% for CS and TP, respectively. Two occult papillary carcinomas were missed by both methods. As for the MGG staining, the modified technique used for TP resulted in the same quality as the standard procedure. Conversely, TP did however induce uncommon morphological features. In this study, sensitivity and specificity levels are higher for CS than for TP; the difference may be explained by the fact that the methanol fixative used for TP induces some cytological alterations, especially in oncocytic tumours and lymphocytic thyroïditis. 相似文献