Cytoplasmic inheritance was investigated in interspecific hybrids of Wisteria sinensis and W. floribunda. Species-specific nuclear, mitochondrial and plastid DNA markers were identified from wild-collected plants of each species in its native range. These markers provide evidence for the bi-parental transmission of plastids in hybrid swarms of these two species in the southeastern USA. These population level molecular data corroborate previous cytological evidence of this phenomenon in Wisteria. 相似文献
One of the promising approaches to the development of cancer diagnostic systems is quantification of a specific protein carrying cancerous glycans. Potential utility of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) for such assays has been suggested for several cancer types. To develop such diagnostic systems, identification of WFA‐recognized glycoproteins is essential. Here, we successfully identified 504 WFA‐recognized glycoproteins from the secretome of HEK293T cells. Most of the identified proteins were likely soluble or single‐pass transmembrane proteins, which may serve as specific proteins for the diagnosis using biological fluids. Our method may help to discover marker glycoproteins for various cancers generating WFA‐recognized glycans. 相似文献
Over the years, the N-glycosylation of both human and bovine lactoferrin (LF) has been studied extensively, however not all aspects have been studied in as much detail. Typically, the bovine LF complex-type N-glycans include certain epitopes, not found in human LF N-glycans, i.e. Gal(α1-3)Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc (αGal), GalNAc(β1-4)GlcNAc (LacdiNAc), and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). The combined presence of complex-type N-glycans, with αGal, LacdiNAc, LacNAc [Gal(β1-4)GlcNAc], Neu5Ac (N-acetylneuraminic acid), and Neu5Gc epitopes, and oligomannose-type N-glycans complicates the high-throughput analysis of such N-glycoprofiles highly.
Methods
For the structural analysis of enzymatically released N-glycan pools, containing both LacNAc and LacdiNAc epitopes, a prefractionation protocol based on Wisteria floribunda agglutinin affinity chromatography was developed. The sub pools were analysed by MALDI-TOF-MS and HPLC-FD profiling, including sequential exoglycosidase treatments.
Results
This protocol separates the N-glycan pool into three sub pools, with (1) free of LacdiNAc epitopes, (2) containing LacdiNAc epitopes, partially shielded by sialic acid, and (3) containing LacdiNAc epitopes, without shielding by sialic acid. Structural analysis by MALDI-TOF-MS and HPLC-FD showed a complex pattern of oligomannose-, hybrid-, and complex-type di-antennary structures, both with, and without LacdiNAc, αGal and sialic acid.
Conclusions
Applying the approach to bovine LF has led to a more detailed N-glycome pattern, including LacdiNAc, αGal, and Neu5Gc epitopes, than was shown in previous studies.
General significance
Bovine milk proteins contain glycosylation patterns that are absent in human milk proteins; particularly, the LacdiNAc epitope is abundant. Analysis of bovine milk serum proteins is therefore excessively complicated. The presented sub fractionation protocol allows a thorough analysis of the full scope of bovine milk protein glycosylation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Glycoproteomics. 相似文献
Introduction: Serum proteins are generally glycosylated and solubilized, and are thus present as glycoproteins. The glycan structure of glycoproteins reflects cell differentiation status; glycan structures generated by diseased cells are distinguishable from those produced by healthy cells. Proteins may therefore serve as markers of tissues that secrete them. Several strategies for the identification of novel serum biomarkers using a combination of glycoscience-based technologies have been recently proposed. The selection of lectins for use as probes for identification of altered glycan structures represents a critical step.
Areas covered: This review describes the identification of Wisteria floribunda agglutinin (WFA) as a probe that recognizes the altered glycan structure of glycoproteins secreted by diseased cells. WFA may be employed as a probe for several diseases, e.g., liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, and IgA nephropathy. The advantage of employing WFA as a serum biomarker probe is that only very small amounts of WFA-positive glycoproteins are present in serum; therefore, WFA background in serum is very low.
Expert commentary: Based on the findings to date, several WFA-positive serum biomarkers may be measured without pre-purification of target glycoproteins, indicating their utility as serum biomarkers in patients with various diseases. 相似文献