木兰科濒危植物华盖木的生境脆弱性

华盖木(Manglietiastrum sinicum Law)为原始类群木兰科单种属植物,仅残存7株于中国三大特有中心之一的滇东南古特有中心的文山国家级自然保护区。对其生境条件,更新能力等的研究表明华盖木外围生境恶化,周边喀斯特型土壤利用过度,形成“孤岛”,使靠鸟类传播的华盖木失去了向四周扩散的机会,种子难于萌发生长,生存条件受到严重威胁。同时通过对华盖木的濒危机制及生境脆弱性探讨,提出了保护建议和措施。     

滇东南早泥盆世无颌类

文中记述了华南鱼类两个新属,即 Gantarostrataspis gengi gen. et sp. nov. 和 Gumuaspis rostrata gen. et sp. nov.,同时对含鱼层的时代进行了讨论.     

Revision of the cyprinid genus Discogobio Lin, 1931 (Pisces: Teleostei) from the upper Red River basin in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan, China, with descriptions of three new species

The species of the genus Discogobio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) inhabiting the Wenshan prefecture (branches of upper Red River) of Yunnan Province, China are reviewed. The authors recognize four species from the prefecture, Discogobio antethoracalis n. sp., Discogobio propeanalis n. sp., Discogobio poneventralis n. sp., and D. yunnanensis. D. antethoracalis and D. propeanalis had previously been identified as Discogobio brachyphysallidos. D. antethoracalis can be distinguished from D. brachyphysallidos by the following characters: snout rounded, not projected (versus slightly pointed, projected); head length 17.5–20.6% of SL (vs. 20.8–22.8); prepectoral length 16.3–18.3% of SL (vs. 19.1–22.0); interorbital width 52.5–60.9% of head length (vs. 44.7–50.0); anus to anal-fin origin distance 25% posterior end of pelvic-fin base to anal-fin origin distance (versus less than 25). D. propeanalis can be distinguished from D. brachyphysallidos by the following combination of characters: interorbital width greater than half of head length (versus less than half); pelvic-fin extending beyond anal-fin origin (versus not reaching anal-fin origin); anus closer to anal-fin origin, anus to anal-fin origin distance less than 25% posterior end of pelvic-fin base to anal-fin origin distance (versus more than 25%). D. poneventralis, with a small oral sucking disc (its posterior edge not reaching vertical of anterior margin of eye) is similar to Discogobio longibarbatus and D. macrophysallidos, but distinct from them in the following characters: rostral barbels equal to eye diameter (versus twice as long as eye diameter in D. longibarbatus); maxillary barbels not reaching posterior margin of oral sucking disc (versus beyond in D. longibarbatus); mid-ventral region anterior to pelvic-fin insertion scaleless (versus scaled in D. macrophysallidos); prepelvic length 57.1–58.1% of SL (vs. 52.4–55.6 in D. macrophysallidos); pectoral-pelvic length 40.8–41% of SL (vs. 32.6–35.9 in D. macrophysallidos); head length 17.5–18.4% of SL (vs. 19.8–21.8 in D. macrophysallidos); and snout length 44.9–47.2% of HL (vs. 48.9–55.4 in D. macrophysallidos).     

基于红外相机技术对文山国家级自然保护区老君山片区地栖鸟兽多样性的调查

为进一步查清云南省文山国家级自然保护区老君山片区地栖鸟兽多样性、常见物种活动节律及其与人畜活动的关系,2019年8月—2020年3月分两次在老君山片区布设73个红外相机监测位点,除丢失损坏及无效相机外,59个相机位点共调查到鸟兽62种,其中兽类5目11科17属21种,鸟类5目14科31属41种。国家二级重点保护野生动物有熊猴(Macaca assamensis)、红面猴(Macaca arctoides)、斑林狸(Prionodon pardicolor)、白腹锦鸡(Chrysolophus amherstiae)、栗头八色鸫(Pitta oatesi)等12种,其中有4种仅在核心区分布;中国特有哺乳动物2种：侧纹岩松鼠(Rupestes forresti)和红白鼯鼠(Petaurista alborufus)。新增兽类记录4种,鸟类记录17种。鸟类中相对多度指数较高的种类为红喉山鹧鸪(Arborophila rufogularis)和白鹇(Lophura nycthemera),兽类为红腿长吻松鼠(Dremomys pyrrhomerus)和侧纹岩松鼠。生态位相似的红喉山鹧鸪和白鹇之...     

云南文山大窗鱼(Macrothyraspis)属一新种

记述了产于云南文山古木早泥盆世坡松冲组华南鱼类大窗鱼一新种——长矛大窗鱼(Macrothyraspis longilanceus sp.nov.)。新种头甲呈头盔形,吻突与角均很发育,中背孔呈后缘前凹的桃形,头甲背面具一对蚕豆形的背窗,纹饰为细小的粒状瘤点,这些特征与属型种——长角大窗鱼(Macrothyraspis longicornis)相似。但新种吻突特别长,约为头甲中长的2 倍,眶孔背位,两个背窗之间脑腔和迷走腔区域相对较宽,两个侧向延伸的角向后倾斜,末端不前翘等,与属型种区别明显,应为该属的一新种。     

云南省发现弄岗狭口蛙

2018年6月,在位于云南省文山壮族苗族自治州的文山国家级自然保护区(23°21′41″N,104°50′26″E,海拔1 300 m)采集到无尾目(Anura)姬蛙科(Microhylidae)狭口蛙属(Kaloula)标本3号,包括雄性成体标本1号和雌性成体标本2号,并对相应形态特征进行了测量,雄性头体长为35.79mm,雌性头体长为48.01 mm和42.78 mm。根据形态特征比较发现,该种群的标本皮肤光滑,背部呈橄榄绿色,有不规则的深绿色斑纹,指端平切且具两排小乳突,雄性胸部有小柠檬黄色斑点,雄性全蹼,雌性为1/3蹼,与采集自弄岗国家级自然保护区的弄岗狭口蛙(K. nonggangensis)地模标本(海拔186 m)的形态鉴定特征基本一致,仅体色和体型大小稍有差异。基于16S rRNA基因片段进行系统发育分析表明,这些标本与弄岗狭口蛙模式产地标本聚在一起,共享同一单倍型。可以确定所采集的3号标本均为弄岗狭口蛙,为云南省两栖纲分布新记录物种。新发现的种群分布于中高海拔处,较地模标本的低海拔分布记录有较大的拓展。该物种的发现说明,云南东南部与广西西南部的喀斯特地区具有相似的物种...