中药固真方对一些与细胞增殖有关基因表达的影响

 中药固真方对一些与细胞增殖有关基因表达的影响姚明忠,顾文聪,丁卫,韩志芬,杜国光（上海中医药大学生物化学教研室,上海２０００３２）（北京医科大学生物化学与分子生物学系,北京１０００８３）中药固真方（ＶＲＦ）具有补肾益精、延缓衰老的作用［１］．能提高成...     

Sperm cryostorage in a dry tank: An accurate alternative

This prospective study aimed to determine the effects of dry nitrogen cryostorage on human sperm characteristics in comparison with liquid nitrogen cryostorage. For this purpose, 42 men undergoing routine semen analysis (21 normozoospermia and 21 with altered semen parameters) were analyzed. After slow freezing, half of the straws of each sample were randomly stored in liquid and dry tanks, at the top and bottom levels of the latter. After 6 months storage, thawed samples were treated by density gradient centrifugation and sperm characteristics were compared. There was no difference in sperm progressive motility (15.1% ± 14.2% vs. 15.1% ± 12.7%; p = 0.76), sperm vitality (25.5% ± 17.7% vs. 26.2% ± 19%; p = 0.71), percentages of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa (38% ± 8.5% vs. 38.5% ± 7.4%; p = 0.53) and DNA fragmentation spermatozoa (27.3% ± 12.4% vs. 28.5% ± 12.9%, p = 0.47) after cryostorage in the dry or the liquid nitrogen tank. Moreover, we did not observe differences between either cryostorage system for normal and altered sperm samples. This lack of difference was also observed whatever the floor level of cryostorage in the dry tank. The temperature measurement of the dry tank showed a stable temperature at −194 °C throughout storage whatever the storage floor level, guaranteeing the stability of the low temperatures suitable for human sperm storage. Because of its greater safety, dry storage without contact with the liquid phase should be preferred and can be a useful alternative for the cryostorage of human sperm samples.     

悬铃木花粉生活力及贮藏力的研究

以30~40年生悬铃木(Platanus acerifolia)的花粉为试材,研究了不同培养基对其萌发的作用,同时探讨了不同贮藏条件和贮藏时间对花粉生活力的影响。结果表明:悬铃木花粉在15%蔗糖 0.01%硼酸的培养基上培养24 h后萌发率最高;附加琼脂的固体培养基对花粉的萌发影响不大;50 mg/L的赤霉素对悬铃木花粉的萌发没有明显的抑制或促进作用;花粉干燥后在低温4℃下贮藏能保持较长的生活力,比未经干燥25℃和4℃下贮藏分别长35 d和20 d。     

F344／N－Smu－D大鼠生长发育若干生物学特性的检测

Ｆｉｓｃｈｅｒ３４４大鼠在国外广泛应用于肿瘤研究与慢性毒性试验,八十年代中期引入我国。我们对Ｆ３４４／Ｎ－Ｓｍｕ－Ｄ大鼠的生长发育的若干生物学特性进行了检测。结果表明,该品系大鼠体型较ＳＤ大鼠与Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠小,除睾丸、垂体、肾上腺、乳腺外的大部分器官与组织的自发性肿瘤的发生率相对较低,将Ｆ３４４／Ｎ－Ｓｍｕ－Ｄ大鼠种群与Ｆ３４４／ＤｕＣｒｊ种群比较,在体重、耗食量,血液学与生化学等方面的若干特性差异较大,肿瘤发生率与死亡差别不大。     

稀有植物云南金钱槭种子萌发特性的研究

经测定,云南金钱槭迁地保护地的种子千粒重为2346.5g,与就地保护地文山老君山马鹿塘的种子千粒重3255.6g相比,其种子千粒重要轻些。四唑（TTC,0.3%）染色测种子生活力的结果表明：①在25℃水环境下60d种子就没有生活力;②野外贮藏种子180d有52%种子有生活力;③种子贮藏510d;花盆中有58%种子有生活力;室内有24%种子有生活力;4℃有96%种子有生活力;15℃有36%种子有生活力;25℃种子没有生活力。在6℃条件下去外种皮,种子5个月发芽率达98%,而恒温15℃、25℃、30℃、和变温条件下都没有一粒种子萌发。低温（6℃）是云南金钱槭种子的最适萌发温度。种子萌发不需光。野外播种经过一冬有17.2%种子发芽,花盆播种经过两冬一夏有58%种子发芽。种子有具有的特性是其在自然条件状态下濒危的重要原因之一。     

Abundance,diversity, and vitality of mycorrhizae of Scots pine (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus sylvestris</Emphasis> L.) in lignite recultivation sites

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands cover large areas in the Lusatian and the Middle German lignite mining districts. Due to adverse chemical substrate conditions, the root systems of the trees are restricted to the ameliorated top-spoil and the organic forest floor layers. To investigate functioning of fine root systems under the prevailing site factors, we studied mycorrhizal colonization rate and frequency as well as mycorrhizal diversity, vitality and growth phases in Scots pine ecosystems along a chronosequence in both mining districts. Mycorrhizal rate was close to 100% in both districts. Mycorrhizal abundance was higher in the organic forest floor layer than the mineral soil layer. In total, 25 morphotypes were recorded. Diversity differed between the districts. The mycorrhizae of Amphinema byssoides, Tuber puberulum, Pinirhiza discolor, Pinirhiza cf. bicolorata and E-type were present in both mining areas. These morphotypes are typical of nutrient-rich soils with high pH values. Compared with the undisturbed sites, vitality of mycorrhizae was very high at the test sites on spoil substrate, correlating with the high growth dynamics of mycorrhizae at recultivation sites. A relatively high carbon flow to the mycorrhizal root systems at these sites seems likely. Thus, mycorrhizal root systems are able to cope with the ameliorated top-spoil and the organic layer. The main reason for the adaptation is the large number of ectomycorrhizal fungal species available in this area where Pinus sylvestris is indigenous.     

3种处理方式对绢丝丽蚌钩介幼虫存活与活力的影响

绢丝丽蚌（Lamprotula fibrosa）隶属于软体动物门、瓣鳃纲、古异齿亚纲、真瓣鳃目、蚌科、丽蚌属,是中国特有的淡水经济蚌类;主要生活在长江流域中下游湖泊中。绢丝丽蚌壳厚质优、坚硬、皎白闪亮,具有较高的经济价值。     

Spruce photosynthesis: possibility of early damage diagnosis due to exposure to magnesium or potassium deficiency

Summary The effects of exposure to magnesium or potassium deficiency on spruce needle photosynthesis were studied before symptoms of damage were visible, and recovery was followed. Water content, pigment content and O₂ evolution rate were chosen as parameters of physiological activity in addition to chlorophyll fluorescence. In the case of exposure to Mg deficiency, the first symptoms detected by all the physiological parameters were observed in older needles. An effect on chlorophyll fluorescence [decrease in fluorescence index (R_fd) and photochemical quenching (q_Q), and increase in non-photochemical quenching (q_E)] was detected in younger needles at the beginning of the deficiency treatment with little effect on the other physiological parameters [decrease in water content to 96.5%, and in photosynthetic rate expressed over dry weight (PSDW) to 90.7%]. No recovery was observed. After a K-deficiency exposure, both kinds of needles were affected, but a high recovery rate was observed, especially in the current-year needles, where a complete recovery from damage was detected by fluorescence and confirmed later by visual inspection. Finally, these results indicate the possibility of an important early diagnosis of damage in forest decline and suggest that chlorophyll fluorescence can be used, at least in the laboratory, as a qualitative test of plant health.     

Vigour, vitality and viability of microorganisms

Abstract Assessment of the vigour, vitality or viability of microorganisms must be done on an individual basis and thus requires the non-invasive interrogation of single organisms. For suspended organisms, flow cytometry provides a powerful means of measurement of a wide range of characteristics. Similar information for microbes in aggregates or growing on surfaces may be obtained by use of confocal scanning laser microscopy. For instance, membrane potential-sensitive fluorophores can distinguish between vigorous, frail and dead cells.     

长牡蛎精子超低温冷冻后超微结构损伤研究

采用程序降温仪分步降温冷冻保存长牡蛎（Crassostrea gigas）精液,并用扫描电镜、透射电镜研究了精子的超微结构损伤。超低温冷冻保存后长牡蛎精子的运动率、受精率及孵化率与鲜精无显著差异。鲜精中84.5%的精子形态结构正常,冻精中73%的精子形态结构正常。形态结构正常的精子表现为顶体、质膜、线粒体与鞭毛结构完整、染色质形状规则,顶体、线粒体及中心粒结构正常,鞭毛形态完整、微管结构清晰;形态结构异常的精子表现为顶体脱落、解体,精子头部质膜膨胀、破裂、染色质肿胀、破裂、解体,线粒体移位、脱落、膨胀,嵴退化或消失,鞭毛弯折、断裂,微管解聚。结果显示,以10% DMSO为抗冻保护剂,HBSS溶液为稀释液,1:4的稀释比例,添加海藻糖,采用分步降温法冷冻保存,对长牡蛎精子具有较好的抗冻保护作用,合适的冻存方法可以有效的保护太平洋牡蛎精子冷冻过程中结构损伤。研究有助于长牡蛎种质资源的收集保存及应用。