酸性硫酸盐土水改旱后土壤化学性状的变异初报

探讨了酸性硫酸盐水稻土改为旱作后土壤化学性状的变异以及比较不同利用方式之间的经济效益．结果表明,酸性硫酸盐水稻土改种甜玉米和蔬菜后,土壤化学性状发生显著变化．耕层土壤酸度、水溶性硫酸根含量、土壤活性铝和活性铁含量均显著降低．经济效益得到显著提高．建议对水改旱后的环境效应进行深入研究以及进行定位观测,以便合理利用这一特殊的土壤资源     

Monitoring of level of mean concentration and toxicity equivalence (TEQ) of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in selected vegetables,beans and grains in khanewal and multan,Pakistan

Contamination of food chain by Polychlorinated biphenyls through use of pesticides, electric and industrial waste poses human health risk. In previous studies, PCB species were stated as endocrine disrupting pollutants and showed toxic health effects like cancerous and noncancerous in animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of PCBs and its toxicity equivalence in food item from plant source to evaluate the health risk in Khanewal and Multan, Pakistan. Samples were collected and processed for further analysis of PCB species through GC/MS after extraction and clean up. The mean concentrations of PCBs ranged as 2.71–151.67 ng/g in beans and grains and 2.30–97.00 ng/g dry weight in vegetables and were lower than 200–3000 ng/g PCBs recommended by FDA tolerance level for all foods. The mean concentrations of two NDL-PCB species detected in all vegetables, beans and grains except S.indicum and T.aestivum were lower than maximum allowable concentration of non-dioxin like PCBs i.e. 40ngg^?1 reported by European Commission. Mean TEQ of sum of 14 PCB species ranged as 1.52–5.91 ng-WHO-TEQg^?1 in vegetables and 1.46–10.04 ng-WHO-TEQg^?1 in beans and grains. The present study concluded that the mean concentrations and mean TEQs of PCB species in most of the vegetables, beans and grains were found safe but due to higher consumption rate of some vegetables and grains, posed the moderate level of risk for human health. This study emphasizes on an implement of the strict rules regarding the use of restricted chemicals to diminish the effluence in food chains. Current research will be useful in up gradation of effective measures to reduce the poisonous contribution of PCB sources and the sustainability of terrestrial ecosystem in the country.     

我国果蔬采后生理学进展

采后生理学始于20世纪30年代,主要围绕鲜活果蔬的保存、运输和供给。进入21世纪,随着基因组、转录组、代谢组、蛋白组等技术手段的快速发展与应用,果蔬采后生理学发展迅速。近几年来,我国科技工作者围绕学科发展前沿,深入探讨果蔬采后成熟、衰老和品质保持的调控机理和贮藏环境对品质的生理应答机制,取得了一系列重要研究成果,包括Met氧化存在被Met亚砜还原酶A和B逆转,提出了LcMsrA1/B1下调表达导致LcCaM1氧化加速,增强了LcNAC13和Lc WRKY1的DNA结合活性,从而激活或抑制荔枝(Litchi chinensis)果实采后衰老相关基因的表达;MaMYB3通过直接抑制淀粉降解相关基因和MabHLH6对淀粉降解产生负作用,从而延迟香蕉(Musaacuminata)果实成熟;鉴定出直接调控柑橘(Citrusreticulate)果实的α-和β-支链类胡萝卜素转化的R2R3-MYB转录因子和参与桃(Amygdaluspersica)果实香气形成的萜类合成酶编码基因TPS家族成员以及WRKY和AP2/ERF转录因子;SlVPE3通过激活KTI4方式调节番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)果实抗病性机制。针对国际上学科发展方向与特点,认为我国果蔬采后生理学紧跟国际发展前沿,总体处于国际先进水平;但存在学科大而不强、领军人才不足、有待提升等问题;同时对未来发展需求、重点领域及优先发展方向做了展望。     

Potential protein markers for nutritional health effects on colorectal cancer in the mouse as revealed by proteomics analysis

It is suggested that colorectal cancer might be prevented by changes in diet, and vegetable consumption has been demonstrated to have a protective effect. Until now, little is known about the effects of vegetable consumption at the proteome level. Therefore, the effect of increased vegetable intake on the protein expression in the colonic mucosa of healthy mice was studied. Aim was to identify the proteins that are differentially expressed by increased vegetable consumption and to discriminate their possible role in the protection against colorectal cancer. Mice were fed four different vegetable diets, which was followed by analysis of total cellular protein from colonic mucosal cells by a combination of 2-DE and MS. We found 30 proteins that were differentially expressed in one or more diets as compared to the control diet. Six could be identified by MALDI-TOF MS: myosin regulatory light chain 2, carbonic anhydrase I, high-mobility group protein 1, pancreatitis-associated protein 3, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and ATP synthase oligomycin sensitivity conferral protein. Alterations in the levels of these proteins agree with a role in the protection against colon cancer. We conclude that these proteins are suitable markers for the health effect of food on cancer. The observed altered protein levels therefore provide support for the protective effects of vegetables against colorectal cancer.     

多功能营养型蔬菜无土栽培基质的特性研究

采用多功能营养型无土栽培基质进行黄瓜、番茄和辣椒无土栽培研究,结果表明,多功能营养型无土栽培基质肥力较高,养分基本平衡,相关微生物（如氨化菌、硝化菌和纤维素分解菌等）数量多,脲酶、转化酶和蛋白酶等活性高,有利于基质有机成分的转化,黄瓜,番茄加辣椒的产量较土壤栽培分别提高23．83％、27．34％和32．98％,辣椒产值增加180．85％,纯收入提高109．69％,产品质量均达到“无公害”蔬菜标准。     

空间条件对几种蔬菜的影响初报

将几种蔬菜种子塔载於卫星及高空气球中,在空间条件下运转,返回陆地后,测定各种蔬菜种子发芽率,幼苗的同功酶,植株的长势蔬菜的产量等,均出现了变异,且番茄的有益变异在其后代得以表达。     

Quantitative relationships for the dependence of growth rate of arable crops on their nitrogen content,dry weight and aerial environment

Summary Quantitative relationships for growth rate and its dependence on plant nitrogen concentration are developed from the results of experiments on potatoes, cereals and vegetables. The relationships appear to be of general applicability and most coefficients in them are similar for widely different crops.It is argued that during the main growing period (May–August inclusive) in Western Europe growth of crop dry matter may be limited by self regulatory mechanisms within the plant and is little affected by variations in the aerial environment when there is ample water and nutrients. Under these conditions both growth rate and the critical % N in the dry matter (the minimum % N at which growth rate is maximum) are simple functions of plant dry weight.It is deduced that when account is taken of the effect of plant weight on % N in the dry matter, growth rate is, as a close approximation, linearly related to % N until this reaches the critical value and constant at higher values.A computer simulation model based on these relationships enabled estimates to be made of the influence of measured plant-N concentrations on the increase, throughout the season, in the dry weight of potatoes and cereals grown with different levels of N fertilizer. There was good agreement between the estimates made in this way and the results of numerous field experiments.     

Genetic variation in the hTAS2R38 taste receptor and food consumption among Finnish adults

Genetic variation in bitter taste receptors, such as hTAS2R38, may affect food preferences and intake. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between bitter taste receptor haplotypes and the consumption of vegetables, fruits, berries and sweet foods among an adult Finnish population. A cross-sectional design utilizing data from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns cohort from 2007, which consisted of 1,903 men and women who were 30–45 years of age from five different regions in Finland, was employed. DNA was extracted from blood samples, and hTAS2R38 polymorphisms were determined based on three SNPs (rs713598, rs1726866 and rs10246939). Food consumption was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. The prevalence of the bitter taste-sensitive (PAV/PAV) haplotype was 11.3 % and that of the insensitive (AVI/AVI) haplotype was 39.5 % among this Finnish population. PAV homozygotic women consumed fewer vegetables than did the AVI homozygotic women, 269 g/day (SD 131) versus 301 g/day (SD 187), respectively, p = 0.03 (multivariate ANOVA). Furthermore, the intake of sweet foods was higher among the PAV homozygotes of both genders. Fruit and berry consumption did not differ significantly between the haplotypes in either gender. Individuals perceive foods differently, and this may influence their patterns of food consumption. This study showed that the hTAS2R38 taste receptor gene variation was associated with vegetable and sweet food consumption among adults in a Finnish population.     

Structural and functional comparison of proteolytic enzymes from plant latex and snake venoms

This work describes classification, functions, location, inhibition, activation, and therapeutic applications of proteases from snake venoms and vegetables. Snake venoms and vegetables can present toxins that unchain necrosis or proteolysis due to the direct cytotoxic action of venom proteases. These proteases are potential tools in the development of drugs for the prevention and treatment of several illnesses. We report herein mainly fibrinogenolytic metallo proteases and serine proteases (“thrombin-like”). These enzymes are extensively used in the treatment and prevention of thrombotic disorders, since they serve as defibrinogenating agents. The therapeutic uses of fibrin(ogen)olytic metallo proteases hold promise for clinical application due to potential in reversing the effects of thrombosis; this has been shown to be an alternative approach to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders, which are among the most prominent causes of mortality around the world. Plant proteases can be utilized for many cellular and molecular activities, in antibacterial and anticancer therapies, and in the treatment of snakebites, inhibiting snake venom activities such as blood-clotting, defibrinogenation, and fibrin(ogen)olytic and hemorrhagic actions. These toxins also display potential for clinical use in the treatment of hemostatic disorders.     

Arbuscular mycorrhiza in combating abiotic stresses in vegetables: An eco-friendly approach

Vegetable production is hampered by several abiotic stresses which are very common in this era of climate change. There is a huge pressure on the plants to survive and yield better results even in the prevalence of various environmental stresses such as cold stress, drought, heat stress, salinity etc. This necessitates the need of robust plant growth which is possible with mycorrhizal association. Mycorrhiza improves plants tolerance to several abiotic stresses by various physiological, functional and biochemical changes in plants. The application of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) as vegetable biofertilizers doesn’t only influence the plant health, but moreover discursively it lowers the demand for harmful chemical fertilizers. Overall, it may be concluded that inoculation of vegetables with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can be used, as it easily guards plants against undesirable abiotic stresses. In this work, information is provided based on several examples from the literature based on the application of AM to combat harmful abiotic stresses in vegetable crops. This paper reviews the impacts of AM fungi on the plant parameters, its functional activities and molecular mechanisms which makes it more adaptable and underline the future prospects of using AM fungi as a biofertilizer in the stress condition.