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1.
Dr. H. H. Boer L. P. C. Schot H. W. M. Steinbusch Cora Montagne Dagmar Reichelt 《Cell and tissue research》1984,238(2):411-412
Summary Consecutive sections of certain neurons in the central ganglia of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis appear to be immunoreactive to anti-dopamine and anti-serotonin. The Cerebral Giant Neurons stain in addition with antivasotocin. The observations indicate the presence of two biogenic amines within the same neuron and in addition their co-existence with a biologically active peptide. 相似文献
2.
Th. Thepen P. Voorn Dr. C. J. Stoll A. A. Sluiter C. W. Pool A. H. M. Lohman 《Cell and tissue research》1987,250(3):649-656
Summary The distribution of mesotocin and vasotocin was studied in the brain of the lizard Gekko gecko with antisera specific for either peptide. Both mesotocinergic and vasotocinergic perikarya are found in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus, whereas vasotocinergic neurons are exclusively present in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and in a cell group of the rhombencephalon. The distributional pattern of the mesotocinergic fibers corresponds closely to that of the vasotocinergic fibers. However, throughout the entire brain the mesotocinergic innervation is less dense than the vasotocinergic innervation. No sex differences are present in the mesotocinergic fiber system.Abbreviations
acc
nucleus accumbens
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bst
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
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bv
blood vessel
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dB
diagonal band of Broca
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dc
dorsal cortex
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dth
dorsolateral thalamic nucleus
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lc
lateral cortex
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me
median eminence
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oc
optic chiasma
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ot
optic tract
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pag
periaqueductal grey
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pvn
paraventricular nucleus
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rc
rhombencephalic cell group
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sep
septum
-
son
supraoptic nucleus
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tect
mesencephalic tectum
-
vth
ventrolateral thalamus 相似文献
3.
Both the pineal nonapeptide hormone arginine vasotocin (AVT) (2.5 μg) administered intra-nasally and the pineal indole melatonin (50 mg) administered intravenously to three male narcoleptics (two with auxiliary symptoms and one with sleep attacks only), dramatically increased the amount of REM sleep and decreased REM sleep latency. The duration of the sleep onset REM periods in the two narcoleptics with auxiliary symptoms increased by more than 100 percent after AVT and melatonin administration. In the narcoleptic with sleep attacks only both AVT and melatonin induced REM periods at sleep onset. The hypothesis is advanced that narcolepsy represents an impairment of the melatonin-AVT control in the induction and circadian organization of REM sleep associated with an immaturity of REM triggering centers. 相似文献
4.
Dr. N. Goossens Dr. S. Blähser A. Oksche F. Vandesande K. Dierickx 《Cell and tissue research》1977,184(1):1-13
Summary The results of an immunohistochemical investigation of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system in several species of birds have shown that: (1) mesotocin and vasotocin are synthesized in separate neurons; (2) in all species investigated the distribution of mesotocinergic and vasotocinergic perikarya follows a common pattern; (3) the external zone of the avian anterior median eminence contains exclusively vasotocinergic nerve fibers, originating in supraoptic and ventral paraventricular regions; (4) the distribution of immunoreactive elements in the neural lobe shows a definite species-dependent pattern. 相似文献
5.
Watanabe Y Sakihara T Mukuda T Ando M 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》2007,177(8):867-873
The effects of isotocin (IT) and vasotocin (VT), which are fish analogues of mammalian oxytocin and vasopressin respectively,
were examined in the isolated upper esophageal sphincter (UES) muscle. IT relaxed and VT constricted the UES muscle in a concentration-dependent
manner. The relaxation by IT and the contraction by VT were completely blocked by H-9405 (an oxytocin receptor antagonist)
and by H-5350 (a V1-receptor antagonist), respectively, suggesting that the eel UES possesses both IT and VT receptors. Truncated fragments of
VT did not show any significant effects, indicating that all nine residues are essential for the VT and IT actions. IT may
relax the UES muscle through enhancing cAMP production, since similar relaxation was also observed after treatment with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxantine,
forskolin and 8-bromoadenosine, 3′, 5′-cyclic mono-phosphate (8BrcAMP). Although 8-bromoguanosine, 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate
also relaxed the UES, its effect was less than 1/3 of that 8BrcAMP, suggesting minor contribution of nitric oxide (NO) in
the relaxation of the UES muscle. Both peptides seem to act directly on the UES muscle, not through release of other substances
from the epithelial cells, since similar relaxation and contraction were observed even in the scraped UES preparations. When
IT and VT were intravenously administrated (in vivo experiments), the drinking rate of the seawater eel was enhanced by IT
and was inhibited by VT. These effects correspond to the in vitro results described above, relaxation by IT and contraction
by VT in the UES muscle. The significance of the relaxing effect by IT is discussed with respect to controlling the drinking
behavior of the eel. 相似文献
6.
We have generated a specific antibody against phosphorylated aquaporin-h2 (pAQP-h2) protein to investigate the role of phosphorylation
in the translocation of AQP-h2 protein within the granule cells of the urinary bladder of the frog (Hyla japonica). The antibody was generated against a synthetic peptide (ST-160) corresponding to amino acids 255–268, with a phosphorylated
Ser-262, a residue that is putatively phosphorylated by protein A kinase. Using this antibody, we found, by Western blot analysis,
that phosphorylation of the AQP-h2 protein rapidly increased within 2 min after vasotocin (AVT) stimulation and remained at
a higher than normal level for 15 min. Moreover, quantitative immunoelectron microscopy indicated that the location of the
AQP-h2 protein dramatically changed after AVT stimulation. Before stimulation, pAQP-h2 protein was localized in only a small
number of intracellular vesicles near the nucleus of the granular cells, whereas the labeling density of the intracellular
vesicles and the apical membrane rapidly increased after stimulation. This finding was also confirmed by the results of an
immunofluorescence study. Thus, phosphorylation of AQP-h2 protein seems to be essential for translocation of the protein from
the cytoplasmic pool to the apical plasma membrane of the granular cells in frog urinary bladder.
This work was supported in part by a grant-in-aid for scientific research from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports,
and Culture of Japan to S.T. 相似文献
7.
Neuroendocrine factors that produce species differences in aggregation behavior ("sociality") are largely unknown, although relevant studies should yield important insights into mechanisms of affiliation and social evolution. We here focused on five species in the avian family Estrildidae that differ selectively in their species-typical group sizes (all species are monogamous and occupy similar habitats). These include two highly gregarious species that independently evolved coloniality; two territorial species that independently evolved territoriality; and an intermediate, modestly gregarious species that is a sympatric congener of one of the territorial species. Using males and females of each species, we examined binding sites for (125)I-vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), (125)I-sauvagine (SG; a ligand for corticotropin releasing factor, CRF, receptors) and a linear (125)I-V(1a) vasopressin antagonist (to localize receptors for vasotocin, VT). VIP, CRF and VT are neuropeptides that influence stress, anxiety and/or various social behaviors. For numerous areas (particularly within the septal complex), binding densities in the territorial species differed significantly from binding in the more gregarious species, and in most of these cases, binding densities for the moderately gregarious species were either comparable to the two colonial species or were intermediate to the territorial and colonial species. Such patterns were observed for (125)I-VIP binding in the medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, medial septum, septohippocampal septum, and subpallial zones of the lateral septum; for (125)I-SG binding in the infundibular hypothalamus, and lateral and medial divisions of the ventromedial hypothalamus; and for the linear (125)I-V(1a) antagonist in the medial septum, and the pallial and subpallial zones of the caudal lateral septum. With the exception of (125)I-SG binding in the infundibular hypothalamus, binding densitites are positively related to sociality. 相似文献
8.
Two-day-old chicks were injected either intraventricularly or intraperitoneally with saline or a L-prolyl-L-arginyl-glycineamide solution. This C-terminal tripeptide of arginine vasopressin produced dose dependent enhancement effects when injected centrally but not peripherally. Physical debilitation and/or aversive effects of the peptide were eliminated as the cause of the decreased responding noted in memory enhancement studies using this avoidance paradigm. Possible memory mechanisms are discussed in light of this peptide's relationship to vasopressin, vasotocin, and L-propyl-L-leucyl-glycineamide. 相似文献
9.
Summary The brain of the Pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stouti, was studied immunocytochemically using antisera against somatostatin (SRIH), arginine vasopressin (AVP), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). SRIH-immunoreactive perikarya were distributed bilaterally in the postoptic nucleus and in the hypothalamic nucleus. Although several short, stained fibers were observed in the vicinity of the perikarya, SRIH-immunoreactivity was not found in the neurohypophysis, nor in other parts of the brain. On the other hand, presumed arginine vasotocin (AVT) perikarya were distributed in an arc-shaped region extending from the posterior part of the preoptic nucleus to the anterior-most end of the hypothalamic nucleus and projected their fibers to the neurohypophysis. Most presumptive AVT perikarya were located close to the paired prehypophysial arteries near the anterior end of the postoptic nucleus. In the neurohypophysis, abundant presumptive AVT-fibers terminated in the posterior dorsal wall, although some fibers terminated in the anterior dorsal wall and only a few fiber endings were found in the ventral wall. No ACTH-positive cells were detected in the hagfish brain or in the pituitary gland.Supported from a grant from the National Science Foundation PCM 8141393 相似文献
10.
Summary Vasopressin and oxytocin were specifically demonstrated in the rat brain using the unlabelled antibody-enzyme method and purification of the first antiserum. Vasopressin and oxytocin fibres extend via the subcommissural organ or habenular commissure into the pineal stalk and terminate in the anterior part of the pineal organ. In addition, immediately adjacent to the subsommissural organ many vasopressin-containing fibres run caudally toward the central grey. These results are discussed in relation to the proposed presence of vasotocin in the pineal gland.This study was supported by the Foundation for Medical Research, FUNGOThe authors wish to thank Dr. D.F. Swaab and Prof. J. Ariëns Kappers for their suggestions and critical remarks 相似文献