The association of a distinct plasma proteomic profile with the cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion of Uyghur women: a 2D liquid-phase chromatography/mass spectrometry study

Objective: To identify plasma protein biomarkers of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) of Uyghur women by proteomics approach.

Methods: Plasma protein samples of Uyghur women with HSIL and chronic cervicitis were analyzed with 2D HPLC followed by detection of target proteins with Linear Trap Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (LTQ MS/MS).

Results: We detected three upregulated and one downregulated protein peaks representing protein constituents distinguishing HSIL from controls by 2D HPLC, identified 31 target proteins by LTQ MS/MS. Further confirmed analysis with online software IPA^® 8.7 and ELISA assay showed APOA1 and mTOR as potential biomarkers.

Conclusions: A distinct plasma proteomic profile may be associated with HSIL of Uyghur women.     

The Uyghur population and genetic susceptibility to type 2 diabetes: potential role for variants in CAPN10, APM1 and FUT6 genes

Genome‐wide association studies have successfully identified over 70 loci associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in multiple populations of European ancestry. However, the risk attributable to an individual variant is modest and does not yet provide convincing evidence for clinical utility. Association between these established genetic variants and T2DM in general populations is hitherto understudied in the isolated populations, such as the Uyghurs, resident in Hetian, far southern Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. In this case–control study, we genotyped 13 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 10 genes associated with diabetes in 130 cases with T2DM and 135 healthy controls of Uyghur, a Chinese minority ethnic group. Three of the 13 SNPs demonstrated significant association with T2DM in the Uyghur population. There were significant differences between the T2DM patients and controls in the risk allele distributions of rs3792267 (CAPN10) (P = 0.002), rs1501299 (APM1) (P = 0.017), and rs3760776 (FUT6) (P = 0.031). Allelic carriers of rs3792267‐A, rs1501299‐T, and rs3760776‐T had a 2.24‐fold [OR (95% CI): 1.35–3.71], 0.59‐fold [OR (95% CI): 0.39–0.91], 0.57‐fold [OR (95% CI): 0.34–0.95] increased risk for T2DM respectively. We further confirmed that the cumulative risk allelic scores calculated from the 13 susceptibility loci for T2DM differed significantly between the T2DM patients and controls (P = 0.001), and the effect of obesity/overweight on T2DM was only observed in the subjects with a combined risk allelic score under a value of 17. This study observed that the SNPs rs3792267 in CAPN10, rs1501299 in APM1, and rs3760776 in FUT6 might serve as potential susceptible biomarkers for T2DM in Uyghurs. The cumulative risk allelic scores of multiple loci with modest individual effects are also significant risk factors in Uyghurs for T2DM, particularly among non‐obese individuals. This is the first investigation having observed/found genetic variations on genetic loci functionally linked with glycosylation associated with the risk of T2DM in a Uyghur population.     

胡杨和灰叶胡杨的维吾尔族植物文化研究——以新疆尉犁县为例

研究维吾尔人利用植物的传统知识和经验,在社会经济发展和资源保护等方面具有潜在的应用价值。胡杨（Populus euphratica Oliv.）和灰叶胡杨（P.pruinosa Schrenk）是新疆沙漠生态系统的主要植物类群,研究采用关键人物访谈法,对胡杨和灰叶胡杨在新疆尉犁县维吾尔族民间的植物文化进行了研究。结果表明：胡杨和灰叶胡杨的胡杨碱白色结晶体在治疗胃胀、咽喉肿痛、胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡及消化不良等方面有作用;胡杨碱黑色结晶体用于治疗腰疼、腿疼,有消肿及止痛等疗效;胡杨碱加工后作洗发膏和洗衣粉使用;胡杨水不仅治疗神经衰弱,有延缓衰老、降低高血压及高血脂的功效,还能降低心脏病发病率;胡杨和灰叶胡杨枝叶具有治疗家畜胃胀和肌胃腐烂病的作用。当地罗布人利用胡杨树来建设沙漠生态园及控制土壤沙漠化。研究初步揭示了两种胡杨植物与维吾尔人的植物文化体系,维吾尔族植物传统知识的研究,将对我国民族植物学的发展及多样性产生影响。     

Plant Traditional Culture of Populus euphratica and Populus pruinosa of Uyghurs Folk ——A Case Study in Xinjiang Lopnur

The study on traditional knowledge and experience of using plants by Uyghurs folk people has a potential application in socio economic development and resource protection. Populus euphratica Oliv and Ppruinosa Schrenk are major plants in Taklimakan desert ecosystem of Xinjiang. This study aims to ascertain the Lopnur Uyghurs traditional knowledge on two Populus species and their cultural system related to these species. We investigated the key informants for interviews on using Populus plants. The Populus plants were used for various purposes. The white alkali crystals are using for the treatment of bloating, sore throat, stomach ulcers, duodenal ulcers and indigestion and also in soda, while black crystal is used for the treatment of back pain, leg pain, swelling and relieve pain. Alkali crystals are even used as shampoo after a simple processing and also as a laundry detergent. Populus plants water is applied as a treatment of neurasthenia. It is also used for anti aging, reducing blood pressure, high cholesterol and heart morbidity. Plants foliages are used as veterinary medicine such as bloating and rot of muscular and stomach of livestock. In addition, Lopnur people used the plants to build the Desert Ecological Park and controlling desertification. This article ascertained the two Populus speceis and Lopnur Uyghurs cultural system. Present study will improve the conservation of Lopnur Uyghurs folk indigenous/ traditional knowledge on Populus plants and to promote the sustainable development in the socio economic diversity.     

EDARV370A对新疆维吾尔族人群面部及耳朵形态的效应

外异蛋白受体基因(ectodysplasin A receptor,EDAR)是调控外胚层发育的重要基因。其关键错义突变EDARV370A的衍生等位基因370A在东亚和美洲原住民中具有很高的频率,但在非洲和欧洲罕见,该突变造成这些人群许多外胚层发育衍生表型的差异,包括东亚人特有的较直且厚的头发、较多的外泌汗腺、女性较小的乳房及铲形门齿等。目前,EDARV370A与同为外胚层衍生表型的人类头面部及耳部形态特征的关联尚不十分明确。本研究在715例新疆维吾尔族亚欧混合人群中,进行了EDARV370A与一系列系统的面部形态特征及耳朵形态表型的关联分析,以期更全面系统地理解EDARV370A对面部和耳朵形态的影响。研究表型包括利用本课题组近期发表的对三维面部照片自动化面部地标点标记方法获得的136个面部定量表型、1个下巴类型的定序分类表型以及6个耳朵形态的定序分类表型。研究发现EDARV370A与8个面部形态的定量表型、下巴类型以及3个耳朵形态定序分类表型显著相关(多重检验校正后P<0.05)。本研究结果进一步明确了EDARV370A的遗传多效性及其在亚欧混合人群中对面部和耳朵形态的影响。     

Characteristics of dental morphology in the Xinjiang Uyghurs and correlation with the EDARV370A variant

Teeth are one of the most important materials for anthropological studies because they are likely to be preserved in ancient remains.While the frequencies of dental characteristics can provide clues to the phylogeny of populations,genetic studies at the individual level can further reveal the biological mechanisms and evolutionary context of dental characteristics.In this study,by analyzing 38 dental characteristics of 242 Xinjiang Uyghur individuals,we found that(i)the dental characteristics of the Uyghurs showed evidence of admixture between European and East Asian populations.The admixture proportions were in line with those previously reported in population genetic studies;(ii)the Xinjiang Uyghur dental characteristics formed three clusters in pairwise correlation analysis.One of the main clusters consisted of characteristics including incisor shoveling,double shoveling and mesial ridge;and(iii)all the characteristics in this cluster were significantly correlated with the genetic variant EDARV370A.The extracted composite phenotypic factor was also significantly associated with EDARV370A,which explained 18%of the total phenotypic variance.This indicated a pleiotropic effect,i.e.,the same genetic factor affects a number of dental characteristics at the same time.Our results confirmed that EDARV370A,a genetic variant that first originated in East Asia about 30000 years ago,played an important role in incisor shoveling in East Asia.This finding suggested that incisor shoveling in modern humans in East Asia is likely to have appeared after the late Pleistocene.     

维吾尔族2 型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病相关因素分析

目的:探讨维吾尔族2型糖尿病肾病(DN)发病的相关临来因素。方法:分析292例维吾尔族2型糖尿病患者的临床资科。结果:维吾尔族2型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病(DN)发病率为43.49%(127/292)。DN患者的病程、SBP、TC、TG、FBG、HbAIC、LDL-C、BUN和Cr均显著高于NDN患者(P<0.05);但DBP、HDL-C、BMI之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。Logistic归分析结果显示,DM病程、患病年龄、SBP、FBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、HbA1c、BUN、Cr是DN的危险因素(OR值>1)。结论:维吾尔族2型糖尿病患者的DM病程、患病年龄、SBP、FBP、TC、TG、LDL-C、HbA1c、BUN、Cr等参数与糖尿病肾病并发率之间有相关性。     

Micro-coevolution of host genetics with gut microbiome in three Chinese ethnic groups

Understanding the micro-coevolution of the human gut microbiome with host genetics is challenging but essential in both evolutionary and medical studies. To gain insight into the interactions between host genetic variation and the gut microbiome, we analyzed both the human genome and gut microbiome collected from a cohort of 190 students in the same boarding college and representing 3 ethnic groups, Uyghur, Kazakh, and Han Chinese. We found that differences in gut microbiome were greater between genetically distinct ethnic groups than those genetically closely related ones in taxonomic composition, functional composition, enterotype stratification, and microbiome genetic differentiation. We also observed considerable correlations between host genetic variants and the abundance of a subset of gut microbial species. Notably, interactions between gut microbiome species and host genetic variants might have coordinated effects on specific human phenotypes. Bacteroides ovatus, previously reported to modulate intestinal immunity, is significantly correlated with the host genetic variant rs12899811 (meta-P = 5.55 × 10⁻⁵), which regulates the VPS33B expression in the colon, acting as a tumor suppressor of colorectal cancer. These results advance our understanding of the micro-coevolution of the human gut microbiome and their interactive effects with host genetic variation on phenotypic diversity.     

维吾尔族2型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病相关因素分析

目的：探讨维吾尔族2型糖尿病肾病（DN）发病的相关临来因素。方法：分析292例维吾尔族2型糖尿病患者的临床资科。结果：维吾尔族2型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病（DN）发病率为43,49％（127／292）。DN患者的病程、SBP、TC、TG、FBG、HbAIC、LDL—C、BUN和Cr均显著高于NDN患者（P〈0．05）;但DBP、HDL．C、BMI之间无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。Logistic归分析结果显示,DM病程、患病年龄、SBP、FBP、TC、TG、LDL—C、HbAlc、BUN、Cr是DN的危险因素（OR值〉1）。结论：维吾尔族2型糖尿病患者的Did病程、患病年龄、SBP、FBP、TC、TG、LDL—C、HbAlc、BUN、Cr等参数与糖尿病肾病并发率之间有相关性。     

维吾尔族不同龋敏感儿童变链菌临床分离株不同生存状态合成胞外多糖能力的研究

目的比较维吾尔族不同龋敏感儿童变链菌临床分离株生物膜状态和浮游状态致龋能力的差异。方法根据析因实验设计分组,选取课题组前期分离鉴定的维吾尔族儿童变链菌临床株27株,其中17株高龋菌株[龋失补牙数（dmft）≥5],10株无龋菌株[龋失补牙数（dmft）=0]。分别在24孔板静止培养以及在试管内摇动培养。采用蒽酮法测定高龋组与无龋组分别在生物膜状态和浮游状态下合成胞外多糖的量。使用SPSS 17.0软件包对实验结果进行析因分析。结果高龋组生物膜状态下合成水溶性与非水溶性葡聚糖量分别为（0.3011±0.0398）mg/mL、（0.3711±0.0372）mg/mL,高于浮游状态的（0.2300±0.0438）mg/mL、（0.2356±0.0568）mg/mL,无龋组生物膜状态下合成水溶性与非水溶性葡聚糖分别为（0.2067±0.0264）mg/mL、（0.3489±0.0537）mg/mL,高于浮游状态的（0.1489±0.0325）mg/mL、（0.1578±0.0227）mg/mL,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。并且高龋组合成胞外多糖量均高于无龋组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论维吾尔族高龋儿童变链菌临床分离株的高致龋力可能与其携带有合成胞外多糖能力较强的菌株有关。