Early and Middle Jurassic Sporo-Pollen Assemblages of Qiquanhu Coal-Field of Turpan Xinjiang

One hundred and thirteen species of spores and pollens belonging to 58 genera were found from 66 core samples taken from two boreholes of the Early and Middle Jurassic deposits in the Qiquanhu coal-field of the Turpan Basin, Xinjiang have been investigated in this paper. Two of the species are described as new. Three sporo-pollen zones from lower to upper are described as follows: Sporo-pollen zone Ⅰ (equivalent bed: Badaowan Formation) . The pteridophytic spores are slightly more abundant than the gymnospermous pollen in this assemblage. The most abundant spores are Cyathidites minor, C. australis and Undulatisporites pflugii, U. taenus and so on. The second important fern spores are Osmundacidites, Lycopodiumsporites, Apiculatisporis and Duplexisporites. The most important gymnospermous genus is Cycadopites which ranks highest in the assemblage and includes C. nitidus and C. typicus.The other gymnospermous pollen include Classopollis, Pinuspollenites, Protoconiferus Piceites. Besides, there are a few pollen grains of Taeniaesporites and Chordasporites surviving from the Late Triassic in this assemblage. The present assemblage may be compared with the Early Jurassic sporopollen assemblage from the Daling Formation of the North-East Guangxi. Therefore, the Badaowan Formtion may be referred to Early Jurassic in age, probably Early Lias. Sporo-pollen zone Ⅱ (equivalent bed: Sangonghe Formation) In this assemblage the gymnosperms are predominant.Of them, Podocarpidites and Pinuspollenites increase obviously, and Quadraeculina and Protoconiferus are common. Few surviving elements are observed. The most abundant spores are those of Cyathidites, and the particularly abundant pollens are those of Cycadopites, This assemblage may be compared with the Late Lias sporo-pollen assemblage from the Fuxian Formation of the Northern Shangganning Basin. Therefore, the Sangonghe Formation should belong to Early Jurassic, probably Late Lias in age. Sporo-pollen zone Ⅲ (equivalent bed: Xishanyao Formation). The contents of the spores and pollens are almost equal in this assemblage. Cyathidites and Cycadopites are the most important spores and pollen. Osmundacidites and Quadraeculina are common. Neoraistrickia, Lycopodiumsporites and Eucommiidites troedssonii are present. Ancient striate bisaccate pollen disappears. The characteristics of this assemblage show some resemblances to those of the Middle Jurassic Yanan Formation in Chongxin county of Gansu province. So the Xishanyao Formation should belong to Middle Jurassic.     

新疆吐鲁番加依墓地青铜—早期铁器时代居民牙齿的磨耗

本文对新疆吐鲁番市加依墓地青铜—早期铁器时代居民的牙齿磨耗、口腔疾病和骨质隆起等特征进行了观察与研究,结果显示,加依墓地居民的牙齿磨耗较重,但前后部牙齿的磨耗程度差异不大,臼齿偏斜式磨耗现象显著,龋齿罹患率偏低。生前脱落、牙结石等口腔疾病在该人群中普遍流行,部分个体的下颌存在发育显著的骨质隆起现象。本文还通过臼齿磨耗方向指数(Wear Orientation)对加依墓地居民的偏斜式磨耗进行了量化研究,并参考相关民族学调查、考古发现以及现代医学研究成果对加依墓地居民复杂的牙齿磨耗形态和口腔疾病的成因进行了初步探讨。推测加依墓地居民的食物结构应以肉类为主,谷类亦占有一定地位;此外可能是受到恶劣生活环境及特殊谷物加工技术的影响,日常食物较为坚硬。     

新疆吐鲁番—鄯善地区中侏罗世孢粉组合

研究新疆吐鲁番鄯善地区葡１井和草南１井中侏罗世孢子花粉化石４５属９７种,包括２个新种。建立西山窑组、三间房组和七克台组共３个孢粉组合,其地质时代相当于中侏罗世早期和晚期。     

Cloning, expression, and characterization of a new xylanase with broad temperature adaptability from Streptomyces sp. S9

A new xylanase gene, xynAS9, was cloned from Streptomyces sp. S9, which was isolated from Turpan Basin, China. The full-length gene consists of 1,395 bp and encodes 465 amino acids including 38 residues of a putative signal peptide. The overall amino acid sequence shares the highest identity (50.8%) with a putative endo-1,4-beta-xylanase from Streptomyces avermitilis of the glycoside hydrolase family 10. The gene fragment encoding the mature xylanase was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant protein was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity and subsequently characterized. The optimal pH and temperature for the recombinant enzyme were 6.5 and 60 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme showed broad temperature adaptability, retaining more than 65% of the maximum activity when assayed at 50-80 degrees C. The enzyme also had good thermal and pH stability. The K (m) values for oat spelt xylan and birchwood xylan substrates were 2.85 and 2.43 mg ml(-1), with the V (max) values of 772.20 and 490.87 mumol min(-1) mg(-1), respectively. The hydrolysis products of xylan were mainly xylose and xylobiose. These favorable properties should make XynAS9 a good candidate in various industrial applications.     

新疆北部侏罗、白垩纪非海相腹足类

记述新疆准噶尔盆地和吐鲁番盆地侏罗、白垩纪非海相腹足类１０属１５种，其中６新种、１未定种。根据这些腹足类的地层分布特点将它们划分为３个组合，自下而上为１）Ｖｉｖｉｐａｒｕｓｓａｎｇｏｎｇｈｅｅｎｓｉｓ组合，时代为早侏罗世；２）Ｖｉｖｉｐａｒｕｓｑｉｋｅｔａｉｅｎｓｉｓ－Ａｍｐｌｏｖａｌｖａｔａｓｕｔｕｒａｌｉｓ组合，时代为中侏罗世；３）Ｃｉｎｃｉｎｎａｔｕｒｇｅｎｓｉｓ组合，时代为早白垩世。对这些腹足类生活习性的分析，这两个盆地在早侏罗世气候温暖湿润，草木繁茂，大部分地区为平静、滞流的湖泊、沼泽；中侏罗世盆地相对下陷，水域扩大加深；中侏罗世末期至晚侏罗世早期，盆地抬升，水域范围明显缩小；至早白垩世，盆地又扩大加深。     

记新疆吐鲁番盆地椭圆形蛋类一新种

本文记述的两件标本是中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所新疆古生物考察队于20世纪60年代在吐鲁番盆地发现的,产出地点是十三间房火车站以南约48 km处的上白垩统苏巴什组的第5层(翟人杰等,1978).     

‘无核白’葡萄及其营养变异系的光合作用与果实特性(英文)

以‘无核白’葡萄为对照,以其自然营养变异系‘长穗无核白’、‘长粒无核白’、‘大粒无核白’、‘W3’与‘W7’为材料,在新疆吐鲁番鄯善田间栽培条件下比较其果实及光合作用特性,为‘无核白’系列葡萄优良品种选育提供依据。结果表明:(1)供试各营养系具有较高的光、热利用能力,叶片日平均净光合速率(5.527 7~7.412 3μmol.m-2.s-1)均大于对照(4.879 7μmol.m-2.s-1);除‘长穗无核白’外,其余营养系均无明显光合‘午休’现象。(2)供试条件下净光合速率与田间空气温度、叶片温度、叶片表面蒸汽压差呈正相关;而气孔导度、光照强度等因子是‘无核白’系列葡萄光合作用的非决定因素。(3)‘长穗无核白’的穗长(36.43 cm)是对照(25.27 cm)的1.44倍;各营养系果粒均大于对照,其中‘W3’、‘大粒无核白’、‘长穗无核白’、‘长粒无核白’果粒(2.096 0、2.202 7、2.019 3、1.470 3 g)极显著大于对照(1.057 7 g)。(4)‘长粒无核白’果粒耐压力和果梗耐拉力均极显著优于对照,其他营养系与对照无显著差异;果粒较大的‘W3’、‘大粒无核白’、‘长粒无核白’等可溶性固形物含量(22.92%、23.57%、23.17%)与对照(23.85%)无差异。综合分析认为,供试营养系‘W3’、‘W7’和‘长粒无核白’相对较优良,宜进一步研究;研究证明果实与叶片光合作用特性指标可用于葡萄营养系选种。     

吐鲁番盆地连木沁剖面齐古组轮藻化石

吐鲁番盆地连木沁剖面侏罗系齐古组的轮藻化石在早年资料中未见提及。后期曾有不同单位多人次对此剖面进行观察实测,除偶有提起见到轮藻外,亦均未见描述报道,本文首次正式报道了齐古组的轮藻化石,为吐鲁番盆地齐古组与广布于新疆各地区的齐古组进行横向对比提供了这类化石依据。     

Preliminary study on pollen distribution in the surface soil of the Turpan region in the southern slope of Tianshan Mountains,Xinjiang, China

Aims Our main purposes were to analyze the relationship between vegetation and pollen in the surface soil of the Turpan region, which is located in the southern slope of the eastern Tianshan Mountains, and to compare different pollen assemblages between the Turpan region and the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains.Methods We collected 36 modern pollen samples and carried out modern vegetation survey in the Turpan region along an altitudinal gradient from 2 000 m to -154 m. Detrended correspondence analysis and Redundancy analysis were applied to analyze the distribution pattern of pollen in surface soils. Important findings We divided the pollen spectra into four pollen assemblage zones (mountain desert-steppe and desert, Gobi gravel, typical desert and salt mash vegetation), corresponding to the major vegetation types in the Turpan region. When compared with the northern slope, the characteristics of pollen assemblages in the mountain desert-steppe and desert were similar to those in the forest-steppe on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains; the pollen assemblages in the Gobi gravel and the typical desert seemed to be more consistent with those in the typical desert on the northern slope; however, no analogue was found in the salt mash vegetation. Obviously, the vertical pollen spectra in Turpan region were incomplete, lacking typical forest and Artemisia desert pollen zones. Besides, similar pollen zones in the Turpan region were found at an elevation of about 300 m higher than those in the northern slope. It is remarkable that the typical tree pollen, such as Picea and Pinus, showed their extra representation in the Turpan region. On one hand, the valley forest on the southern slope of the Tianshan mountains played an important role in pollen dispersal. On the other hand, with the cold air on the northern slope over the Tianshan Mountains, pollen may be carried and deposited in the Turpan region. The rivers feeding into Aiding Lake in the Turpan region may also contribute to the distribution of Picea and Pinuspollen. Lots of pollen studies have shown that the ratio of Artemisia to Chenopodiaceae (A/C) can be used as a good indicator of the degree of humidity in the semi-arid and arid areas. Our study revealed that A/C can roughly reflect the characteristics of the desert zone in the study area. The results of Redundancy Analysis ordination on pollen assemblages and environmental factors (mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP) and altitude (ALT)) revealed that MAP was the main environmental factor affecting the pollen assemblages in the surface soil in the Turpan region and had more significant effects on the distribution of Nitraria pollen than on the distribution of Artemisia and Chenopodiaceae.     

吐鲁番盆地鄯善地区中、晚侏罗世介形类

报道吐鲁番盆地连木沁剖面七克以组及齐古组的介形类化石３属１０种,其中２新种１未定种;Ｔｈｅｒｉｏｓｙｎｏｅｃｕｍ？ｑｉｋｔｉｍｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏ。,Ｔｈ．ｈｕｏｙａｎｓｈａｎｅｎｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ ｓｐ．,根据化石组合面貌,自上而下可建立两个组合,即Ｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ－Ｍｅｔａｃｙｐｒｉｓ组合和Ｔｈｅｒｉｏｓｙｎｏｅｃｕｍ？－Ｄａｒｗｉｎｕｌａ组合,其时代分别为晚侏罗世和