华北地区大仓鼠种群的遗传变异

应用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)方法对华北地区不同大仓鼠种群的遗传变异进行了研究。结果表明,大仓鼠群体内具有较丰富的遗传变异,不同地区种群的多态位点率均高于60%,Nei’s基因多样度值范围在0·204~0·326之间,Shannon信息指数为0·306~0·484;分析遗传分化指数表明,大仓鼠种群内具有潜在的遗传结构,30·9%的变异来源于种群间存在的遗传变异。结果表明,大仓鼠在不同空间分布区内存在遗传多态性差异,地区种群间已有一定程度的遗传分化,群体间有限的基因流及遗传漂变可能对大仓鼠种群的遗传分化产生了重要的作用。     

大仓鼠DNA 指纹谱探针的筛选

采用一种简便提取高质量DNA 的方法, 从大仓鼠肝脏组织中提取其总DNA , 分别以人工合成的微卫星核心序列(GTG)₅和(CA)₈做单一引物, 进行特异引物PCR 反应。电泳检测后回收15 条特异性片段。与被标记过的大仓鼠基因组DNA 反向杂交结果表明, 15 个片段中(GTG)_5-8 、(CA)_8-1b和(CA_{) 8-5b}产生了较强的阳性信号。我们依据3 个片段的测序结果设计适合DIG标记的探针, 该探针得到的大仓鼠不同地理种群个体的指纹图谱有较高的个体特异性和种群多态性, 而且与传统的来源于其它生物重复序列的探针如33.6 和33.15 形成的指纹图谱相比得到的变异适中, 便于统计。     

一种复方避孕药物对围栏内大仓鼠种群繁殖力的影响

本文报道了由左炔诺孕酮和炔雌醚配伍制成的复方避孕药物(代号: EP －1) 对围栏内大仓鼠种群繁殖力的影响。实验分为4 个组: 对照组、0.001 %毒饵组、0.003 %毒饵组和0.003 %毒饵预处理组, 并各设有一组重复。于2001 年6 月, 在每组围栏内各放入5 雄5 雌成年大仓鼠, 检验投放EP－1 毒饵后对大仓鼠繁殖力的影响。至9 月份, 2 个对照组新出生鼠数量均为12 只, 平均每雌繁殖力为214 ; 而所有6 个EP －1 处理组新出生鼠数量均为4 只或以下, 平均每雌繁殖力在014～018 之间。结果表明, 处理组大仓鼠的繁殖力明显受到了不育剂EP－1的抑制。在半自然状况下, 投放足量的EP－1 毒饵可以有效降低大仓鼠种群的繁殖力和数量。     

复方避孕药物(EP-1) 对雄性大仓鼠繁殖器官的影响

鉴于传统化学灭杀方法存在的不足和缺陷,各国都在致力于研究无公害、可持续的鼠害防治技术与策略,其中不育控制是当前研究的一个热点：近年来我国在鼠类不育控制方面也开展了一些研究（张知彬等,1997a,1997b,2001;Shi et a1．．2002;Li et a1．,2006）。     

饶阳地区三种农田啮齿类头骨形态比较及性二型

关于动物头骨形态方面的研究报道曾受到了较多的关注（Cesani et al., 2003）.头骨形态是动物形态特征的一个重要方面,受遗传和环境因素的共同影响,存在着种间、性别和地理差异（张焱等,1999）.头骨的形态特征不仅是动物生理上的一个基本解剖指标,同时也是动物分类（李晓晨和王廷正,1992）和年龄鉴定（张洁,1989）的重要依据,是动物生态研究的重要指标.对头骨形态的研究,不仅对动物的种间、种内关系（Yom et al.,1999）和生态特征（Barlow et al.,1997）等方面的研究具有重要的参考价值,在动物的地理演化、发育生物学以及进化生态学的研究中也具有十分重要的意义.     

Ecological surveillance of small mammals at Dagmar North Training Area,Gyeonggi Province,Republic of Korea, 2001–2005

A seasonal rodent‐borne disease surveillance program was established at Dagmar North Training Area located near the demilitarized zone, Republic of Korea, from 2001 through 2005. Selected habitats surveyed included earthen banks separating rice paddies, fighting positions along a 5 m rock‐faced earthen berm, and extensive tall grasses with various degrees of herbaceous and scrub vegetation associated with dirt roads, rice paddies, ditches, ponds, or the Imjin River. Of the nine species of small mammals captured, the striped field mouse (Apodemus agrarius), the primary reservoir for Hantaan virus, was the most frequently collected, representing 92.5% of the 1,848 small mammals captured. Males were captured similarly to females during the spring and summer seasons but were captured less frequently during the fall and winter seasons. Gravid rates were highest in the fall (25.5–57.3%) with the lowest rates during the summer (0.0–2.2%). Capture rates were the lowest along earthen banks separating rice paddies (5.5%) and highest in unmanaged tall grasses and crawling vegetation (15.3–43.5%). An increased knowledge of ecological factors that impact the abundance and distribution of small mammals and the associated ectoparasites and pathogens they harbor is critical for developing accurate disease risk assessments and mitigation strategies for preventing vector‐ and rodent‐borne diseases among soldiers training in field environments.