New triterpene saponins from the seed cake of Camellia Oleifera and their cytotoxic activity

Two new oleanane-type triterpene saponins, identified as 16α-hydroxy-22-O-angeloyl-23-formyl-28,31-dihydroxymethylene-olean-12-ene-3β-O-{β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 2)[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl(1 → 3)]-β-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid} (oleiferasaponin B₁, 1) and 22-O-hydrocinnamoyl-23-formyl-28-dihydroxymethylene-olean-12-ene-3β-O-{β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl(1 → 3)]-β-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid} (oleiferasaponin B₂, 2), were isolated from the seed cake of Camellia oleifera Abel. Their structures were established by extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments along with TOF-MS analysis and acid hydrolysis. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds was evaluated in four human carcinoma cell lines: A 549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2 and HCT15. Both compounds 1 and 2 exhibited significantly cytotoxic activity with IC₅₀ values of 18.5 μM (A549), 11.3 μM (SK-OV-3), 13.9 μM (SK-MEL-2) and 1.6 μM (HCT15) for 1 and IC₅₀ values of 8.4 μM (A549), 6.3 μM (SK-OV-3), 9.2 μM (SK-MEL-2) and 0.8 μM (HCT15) for 2. In addition, compound 2 showed more effective cytotoxic activity than compound 1.     

秦岭产珠子参叶的达玛烷型皂甙研究(1)

从陕西省秦岭产珠子参(Panax japonicus C.A.Meyer var.major(Burk.)Wu etFeng)的叶中分离到十个新的达玛烷型四环三萜皂甙,经光谱测定和化学降解,其中四个的化学结构分别为珠子参甙(majoroside)F_1(1)、F_2(2)、F_3(3)和F_4(4)。同时,还分离到已知的人参甙(ginsenoside)Rd(5)、Re(6)、Rg_1(7)、Rg_2(8)和F_2(9)。     

重楼属植物甾体皂甙的高效液相色谱分析

应用高效液相层析技术,对重楼属十八个种植物的甾体皂甙进行了定性、定量分析。植物用甲醇提取,抽出物经DIAION柱,以90％甲醇洗出总甙。在HPLC上,用ODS柱先将总甙以用醇:水(9:1)洗脱分为三馏段,每馏再在ODS柱或Rp-8柱上以甲醇:水(8:2;7:3.5)洗脱,使各个皂甙成分完全分离。被分离的每个色谱峰与已知重楼皂甙的保留时间进行比较并配合HPLC的加入法,TLC分析及用HPLC制备少量样品做MS测定来加以定性鉴定。定量采用内标及校正曲线法。     

红毛五加叶的三萜皂甙

红毛五加（ＡｃａｎｔｈｏｐａｎａｘｇｉｒａｌｄｉｉＨａｒｍｓ）系五加科五加属植物,分布于河北、河南、四川、陕西、甘肃等省,有祛风湿、通关节、强筋骨、治痿痹等功效［１］。其化学成分未见报道。本文报道红毛五加叶的５个三萜皂甙（甙Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ）的分离鉴定。它们均首次从该属植物发现,其结构如下：　　　　　　　　　　　　　Ｒ１　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Ｒ２　　　　　　　　Ⅰ　ｒｈａｍ－（１→２）－ａｒａ　　　　　Ｈ　　　　　　　Ⅱ　Ｈ　　　ｒｈａｍ－（１→４）－ｇｌｃ－（１→６）－ｇｌｃ　　　　　…     

三七总皂苷联合顺铂对胃癌大鼠肾损伤的改善作用及机制分析

摘要 目的：探讨三七总皂苷联合顺铂对胃癌大鼠肾损伤的改善作用并分析潜在机制。方法：选择60只健康SD雄性大鼠分为对照组、胃癌模型组、顺铂组及三七总皂苷组,各15只。除对照组外,其余组大鼠采用皮下接种胃癌BGC823细胞悬液法建立胃癌模型。建模成功后,给予对照组和胃癌模型组大鼠生理盐水腹腔注射和灌胃,给予顺铂组大鼠腹腔注射25 mg/kg顺铂注射液并灌胃生理盐水,给予三七总皂苷组大鼠腹腔注射25 mg/kg顺铂注射液并灌胃30 mg/kg三七总皂苷。分别于建模成功时、药物处理28 d时采用酶联免疫吸附法检测血清肌酐（SCr）、尿素氮（BUN）和尿液β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）、肾损伤分子1（KIM-1）水平。处死大鼠后取肾脏,分别测定肾脏组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平,制备肾脏组织石蜡切片并行苏木精-伊红染色后观察大鼠肾组织的病理学变化。采用TUNEL染色法检测肾脏组织细胞凋亡情况,采用Western Blotting法检测肾脏组织中LC3、HIF-1α和Beclin1 蛋白表达情况。结果：顺铂组和三七总皂苷组大鼠血清SCr、BUN和尿液NAG、KIM-1水平均显著高于对照组和模型组（P<0.05）,三七总皂苷组大鼠血清SCr、BUN和尿液NAG、KIM-1水平显著高于顺铂组（P<0.05）。三七总皂苷组大鼠肾脏组织SOD、GSH水平显著低于模型组但显著高于顺铂组,MDA显著高于模型组但显著低于顺铂组（P＜0.05）,CAT与模型组无显著差异（P＜0.05）,但显著高于顺铂组（P>0.05）。顺铂组大鼠肾小管明显扩张、管腔狭窄,基底层上皮细胞水肿、坏死并形成空泡,肾小管。三七总皂苷组大鼠肾脏病理学改变程度显著轻于顺铂组。顺铂组和三七总皂苷组大鼠肾脏组织细胞凋亡指数显著增加,三七总皂苷组大鼠肾脏组织细胞凋亡指数显著低于顺铂组（P＜0.05）。顺铂组大鼠肾脏组织中LC3、HIF-1α和Beclin1蛋白水平均显著高于模型组,但显著低于三七总皂苷组（P＜0.05）。结论：三七总皂苷可能通过减轻过氧自由基和过氧化水平、增强线粒体自噬水平减少肾组织细胞凋亡,减轻顺铂引起的胃癌大鼠肾损伤。     

Basic steroid saponins from aerial parts of Fritillaria Thunbergii

From the aerial parts of Fritillaria thunbergii, three glycosidal Solanum alkaloids (basic steroid saponins) were isolated together with minor     

Dammarane saponins of leaves of Panax pseudo-ginseng subsp. himalaicus

From dried leaves of Panax pseudo-ginseng subsp. himalaicus collected in Eastern Himalaya, new dammarane saponins, named pseudo-ginsenosides-F₁₁ and -F₈ were isolated along with the known Ginseng-root saponins, ginsenosides-Rb₃, Rd and -Re. Pseudo-ginsenoside-F₈ was proved to be a mono-acetyl-ginsenoside-Rb₃ and the location of its acetyl group was established mainly by ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Pseudo-ginsenoside-F₁₁, was identified as the 6-O-α-rhamnopyransyl(1 → 2)-β-glucopyranoside of 3β,6α,12β,25-tetrahydoxy-(20S,24R)-epoxy-dammarane. The C-24 configuration of ocotillone and its related triterpenes was confirmed to be 24R excluding the recent comment by Lavie et al.     

Steroidal saponins from Dioscorea floribunda: Structures of floribundasaponins A and B

Two steroidal saponins, floribundasaponins A and B isolated from the yams of Dioscorea floribunda, have been characterized as pennogenin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside and pennogenin-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→4)-β-d-glucopyranoside.     

Triterpenoid saponins and sapogenins: 1973–1978

The triterpenoid saponins identified in plants during the period 1973 to 1978 inclusive are reviewed. Their natural occurrence, chemistry and biological activities are discussed. A compilation of all saponins, the structures of which have been fully elucidated, is included.