Some correlates of density in an urban Blackbird Turdus merula population

Capsule Blackbird density within a town is related to the proportion of gardens, open space and housing density within individual developments.     

Orthotopic allotransplantation and autotransplantation of the baboon heart following 24-hr storage by a portable hypothermic perfusion system

A nonpulsatile perfusion apparatus, based on the air-lift pump principle, has been developed. Circulation of the perfusate, as well as oxygenation and maintenance of acid-base balance, is provided by the flow of a mixture of 97% oxygen and 3% carbon dioxide. The system is easily and entirely portable. Eleven baboons underwent orthotopic allotransplantation with donor hearts stored by continuous hypothermic (4-10 degrees C) perfusion for periods of up to 24 hr. Three were electively killed after 2 to 3 days; the remaining eight, immunosuppressed with methylprednisolone and either azathioprine or cyclosporin A, survived to rejection at between 10 and 49 days. Cardiac catheterization performed in six animals 7-14 days after allotransplantation showed virtually normal hemodynamic data. Three more baboons underwent heart excision and storage by hypothermic perfusion for 24 hr, and subsequent othotopic autotransplantation, the circulation of the baboon being maintained in the interim by an allograft. One animal survives 8 months later with hemodynamic data at cardiac catheterization differing little from that obtained before autotransplantation. This perfusion system has subsequently been used to store four human donor hearts prior to heterotopic transplantation.     

辣椒拟种群对模拟昆虫捕食行为的反应

基于拟种群理论,运用方差分析法、主分量分析法及植物生长分析法,研究7月高温期辣椒拟种群不同程度的剪叶对模拟短期虫害的反应.结果表明,辣椒具有较强的补偿能力;老叶的数量、干重和叶面积随剪叶程度的增加而下降,新叶则相反,但总叶数量相近;总叶面积和干重受老叶影响大,差异显著;枝的数量、干重、长度差异不显著;果、花、花蕾的数量差异也不显著,但干重差异显著;用数量指标代替干重、叶面积和长度等指标来进行植物的生长分析,仅对组元个体间干重极差小的拟种群适用;高温期一定程度的虫害对辣椒生长和果实产量的提高有益.     

基于生态导向的城市空间优化与功能组织——以天津市滨海新区临海新城为例

以生态学理论为指导,全面统筹建设城市的生态环境、社会环境、经济环境和物质形体环境的城市规划手段是实现城市自然-经济-社会和谐、高效、持续发展的重要途径。研究以天津市滨海新区临海新城为例,借鉴景观生态学分析方法,提出基于生态导向的城市空间优化和功能组织的规划思路：基于城市生态环境现状评价和问题诊断基础,整体优化生态景观格局;利用GIS空间分析技术进行城市生态适宜性和敏感性分析,划分城市生态功能区;结合城市职能定位和产业选择,确定自然生态因子和经济活动的镶嵌关系,优化城市产业活动的空间配置。实证研究的结果表明：基于生态导向的城市空间优化与功能组织将城市规划引向重建自然和保护自然的空间塑造过程;城市生态网络空间的构建决定了城市“组团状”的功能组织和空间布局模式;基于生态分析的城市空间优化保障了城市生态系统的健康持续发展。     

中国传统生态智慧及其现实意义——以丽江古城水系为例

中国传统文化中蕴含着极其丰富的生态智慧,天人合一是这些传统文化的核心思想,天就是大自然,人就是人类,天人合一就是人类与大自然的合一。云南丽江古城水系的设计、管理和保护就是这些传统生态智慧在现代文明社会中的延续,为当今人们解决日益严峻的生态危机提供了极其宝贵而深刻的启示。古城的选址充分考虑了地形地貌、方位朝向和水系分布的特点,环山抱水的空间格局蕴含着深刻的生态智慧;古城的建筑、街巷与水系密切结合,形成了变化丰富的临水模式;依据古城地势和水系的特点,古城人们开创了独特并且延续至今的洗街文化;发达的水系造就了众多的桥梁,同时也产生了独特的桥市文化;以三眼井为代表的用水、护水民俗,蕴含着丰富的水管理智慧。面对当前旅游业迅猛发展所造成的水环境压力,古城管理部门借鉴传统的生态智慧,效仿古人的用水、护水方法,采取了一系列的调控和保护措施,古城水系的水质、水量得到了很大的改善和提高,例如:城市的污水处理率已由2008年的45.20%上升到2012年的86.82%,古城下游的水质也由2010年的劣Ⅴ类上升为2014年的Ⅲ类。中国传统生态智慧体现了人与自然之间和谐共存、共同发展的关系,具有十分重要的现实意义。     

快速城市化对南京东郊景观结构与格局的影响

城市化对区域景观的影响日益显著,如何协调城市区域土地开发与生态保护的关系,成为重要的基础性问题之一。本文以南京仙林新市区为案例,利用遥感和GIS方法,对研究区景观结构和格局变化进行分析。结果表明:2003—2009年,研究区景观结构发生了巨大的变化,区域主导景观类型已经由半自然半人工景观逐渐转变为人工景观。其中耕地受人为影响变化较大,55.6%的面积消失;水塘以数量丧失为基本特征,丧失率为56.4%;建筑用地面积增加明显,年均增加7.1%。伴随景观结构变化,区域景观格局变化十分明显,其中景观多样性指数从1.38升高为1.68;均匀度指数从0.60变成0.73;连接度指数由0.15变为0.32。     

Diagnosis of Distant Metastasis of Lung Cancer: Based on Clinical and Radiomic Features

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the distant metastasis possibility based on computed tomography (CT) radiomic features in patients with lung cancer. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of 348 patients with lung cancer enrolled between 2014 and February 2015. A feature set containing clinical features and 485 radiomic features was extracted from the pretherapy CT images. Feature selection via concave minimization (FSV) was used to select effective features. A support vector machine (SVM) was used to evaluate the predictive ability of each feature. RESULTS: Four radiomic features and three clinical features were obtained by FSV feature selection. Classification accuracy by the proposed SVM with SGD method was 71.02%, and the area under the curve was 72.84% with only the radiomic features extracted from CT. After the addition of clinical features, 89.09% can be achieved. CONCLUSION: The radiomic features of the pretherapy CT images may be used as predictors of distant metastasis. And it also can be used in combination with the patient's gender and tumor T and N phase information to diagnose the possibility of distant metastasis in lung cancer.     

Comparative study of seasonal and intradiurnal variation of airborne herbaceous pollen in urban and rural areas

The content of herbaceous pollen in the atmosphere depends on the vegetal cover, climate and the weather and geographical conditions. The aim of the study reported here was to compare aerobiological data obtained from pollen monitoring stations located at sites differing with respect to their flora and microclimate – i.e. a town and a rural area. A volumetric method was used for sampling. In each microscopic preparation 12 vertical strips corresponding with 2-h intervals were analysed. A 90% method was used to determine the pollen season. The results were statistically verified using the u test and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Spearman and Wilcoxon tests. Higher values of the Seasonal Pollen Index (SPI), higher daily average concentrations and higher peak values were recorded in the rural area. An analysis of intradiurnal variations of airborne pollen showed that apart from the Poaceae the number of pollen grains in the air began to increase earlier in the day in the rural area; in the case of Rumex and Ambrosia, the maximum values also appeared a few hours earlier. For all the taxa investigated, the analysis of correlation showed a significant association between the daily average concentrations at both sites. The weakest association occurred for Plantago lanceolata; for all other taxa, the determination coefficients (R ²) were high. The results of the Wilcoxon test showed that, despite the strong positive association between daily concentrations of the pollen types investigated, there were differences in mean pollen concentrations in the overlapping pollen season. Mean concentrations of Poaceae and Rumex airborne pollen were significantly higher in the rural area in both years, and those of Urtica and P. lanceolata were significantly higher only in 2002.     

H2O2− and alkyl hydroperoxide-supported para hydroxylation of aniline by alkaline hematin

Under alkaline conditions and in the presence of reductant, NADH or NADPH, and molecular oxygen, hemin catalyzes the regiospecific para-hydroxylation of aniline to form p-aminophenol [P.A. Adams, D.A. Baldwin, and M.C. Berman, J. Chem. Soc. (Lond) Chem. Commun. 856 (1979); P.A. Adams and M.C. Berman, J. Inorg. Biochem.17, 1 (1982)]. The reaction has now been studied in the presence of H₂O₂ and alkyl hydroperoxides and in the absence of oxygen and reductant. Results indicate that the H₂O₂^? and alkyl hydroperoxide-supported processes proceed via different mechanisms involving, on the one hand, the hydroperoxide anion (HO₂^?) and on the other, the undissociated alkyl hydroperoxide molecule (ROOH). The addition of superoxide dismutase to the reaction had no effect, unlike the NADH/O₂ supported reaction where the enzyme completely inhibits reaction. Similarities between the hemin-mediated peroxide-supported reactions reported here, and the cytochrome P-450-mediated peroxide-supported reactions reinforce our earlier contentions that the alkaline hemin system appears to be a good model for the in vivo activation of oxygen by hemoproteins.