陕西省钩土蜂二新种（膜翅目：钩土蜂科）

在西北农业大学昆虫博物馆收藏的钩土蜂科(Tiphiidae)标本中,发现有二新种记述于此,一种以周尧教授的姓氏来命名,以感谢他对我们此项研究的支持,模式标本保存在北京农业大学昆虫标本室。1.网纹钩土蜂Tiphia retincisura,新种(图1A—D) 雌 体长9.5mm,肩片、足皆黑色。后足基跗节内侧有纵沟。并胸腹节背面两侧呈针刮状;第一腹节背板刻点端前带中部1～2列,两侧加宽、刻点排列不规则。额上、前胸背板和中胸侧板等处有网状印纹。     

内蒙古钩土蜂属三新种(膜翅目:钩土蜂科)

钩土蜂属(Tiphia Fabricius)是钩土蜂科(Tiphiidae)中最大的属,已知500余种,除澳洲区外世界各大动物地理区均有分布。钩土蜂为金龟子的重要天敌,成蜂钻入土中产卵于蛴螬体表,幼虫孵化后附着在蛴螬体上寄食,迅速发育。在取食完寄主体内容物后,甚至还吞食掉寄主体壁而剩下寄主幼虫坚硬的头壳。钩土蜂成虫常见于草原,在花上吸食花蜜或在地面徘徊。     

Kairomones from scarabaeid grubs and their frass as cues in below-ground host location by the parasitoids Tiphia vernalis and Tiphia pygidialis

Cues used in below-ground host-searching behaviour and host discrimination were examined for Tiphia vernalis Rohwer and Tiphia pygidialis Allen (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae), ecto-parasitoids of root-feeding larvae of the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, and masked chafers, Cyclocephala spp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), respectively. Response to potential stimuli was compared in dual choice tests in an observation chamber filled with soil. Each wasp showed species-specific, directed movement along residual body odor trails made by dragging its respective host through the soil. Presence of a grub was not necessary for wasps to follow such trails. Frass from either host- or non-host grubs elicited trail-following, but each Tiphia species followed frass trails from its respective host when a choice was presented. Frass trails elicited stronger responses than body odor trails. The combination of host frass and body odor elicited the strongest trail-following responses. Our results suggest that once in the soil, Tiphia spp. locate their hosts using contact kairomones present in grub body odor trails and frass.     

钩土蜂属长肩片组二新种（膜翅目：钩土蜂科）

本文记述钩土蜂属长肩片组２新种──杨氏钩土蜂Ｔｉｐｈｉａ（Ｔｉｐｈｉａ）ｙａｎｇｉ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．与多变钩土蜂Ｔｉｐｈｉａ（Ｔｉｐｈｉａ）ｍｕｔａｔａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本分别保存于中国科学院昆虫标本馆和北京农业大学昆虫标本馆。     

Use of herbivore‐induced plant volatiles as search cues by Tiphia vernalis and Tiphia popilliavora to locate their below‐ground scarabaeid hosts

Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, and oriental beetle, Anomala orientalis (Waterhouse) (both Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) are considered invasive species and have been reported as key pests of urban landscapes in the Northeastern USA. Tiphia vernalis Rohwer and Tiphia popilliavora Rohwer (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae) were introduced as biocontrol agents against these beetles. These parasitic wasps burrow into the soil and search for grubs. When a host is found, the wasp attaches an egg in a location that is specific for the wasp species. It is unknown if these wasps can detect patches of concealed hosts from a distance above ground and what role, if any, herbivore‐induced plant volatiles play in their host location. This study evaluated the responses of female T. vernalis and T. popilliavora to grub‐infested and healthy plants in Y‐tube olfactometer bioassays. Also the effect of root herbivory on the composition of turfgrass (Poaceae) volatile profiles was investigated by collecting volatiles from healthy and grub‐infested grasses. Tiphia wasps were highly attracted to volatiles emitted by grub‐infested tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) over healthy grasses. In contrast, wasps did not exhibit a significant preference for grub‐infested perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) as compared with the control plants. The terpene levels emitted by grub‐infested Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue were greater than that of control plants. Low levels of terpenes were observed for both test and control perennial ryegrass. The elevated levels of terpenes emitted by grub‐infested Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue coincided with the attractiveness to the tiphiid wasps. Here, we provide evidence that plant exposure to root‐feeding insects P. japonica and A. orientalis resulted in an increase in terpenoid levels in turfgrasses, which strongly attracts their above‐ground parasitoids.     

A taxonomic revision of the genus Mesa Saussure, 1892 from China,with a key to the Oriental species (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae: Myzininae)

In this study, a total of eight fossorial aculeate wasps of the tiphiid genus Mesa Saussure, 1892 from China are revised, including two new species, viz., Mesa hongchibaensis sp. nov., and Mesa glaber sp. nov.. The following species Mesa dimidiata (Guérin-Méneville, 1837) and Mesa nursei (Turner, 1909) are newly recorded from China. The male specimen of Mesa formosensis Tsuneki (1986) is firstly found. In addition, an updated key to the Oriental species of the genus is provided.