俞藤属—葡萄科一新属

作者在研究中国葡萄科植物过程中发现分布于中国亚热带、尼泊尔和印度卡西山区一些植物种自成一类,与葡萄科现有属的定义不符,命名为一新属-愈藤属（YuaC.L.Li)。文中讨论了它与爬山虎属（Parthenocissus Planch.)、崖爬藤属（TetrastigmaPlanch.)、乌蔹莓属（CayratiaJuss.)和蛇葡萄属（Ampelopsis Michx.)的区别,并在野外和栽培条件下观察了某些重要属级鉴定性状在个体发育过程中的表现,以证明其可靠。为了正确鉴定这个属和种类,给出了包括这些属在内的国产葡萄科植物分属检索表和该属的分种检索表,最后,讨论了俞藤属的地理分布及其意义。     

三叶崖爬藤中的新黄酮碳甙

从三叶崖爬藤(Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg.)的95%乙醇提取物中分离得到3个黄酮碳甙,经化学方法和光谱分析鉴定为:5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮-6-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1-4)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖甙(1),5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮-8-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1-4)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖甙(2),5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮-6,8-二-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(3),1和2为新化合物,分别命名为崖爬藤甙和异崖爬藤甙.     

Evolutionary trends in Tetrastigma (Vitaceae): Morphological diversity and taxonomic implications

Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. (Vitaceae) is a genus with ca. 100 species showing great morphological diversity. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies suggested that traditional classification systems are not consistent with the molecular phylogeny, and Tetrastigma is undergoing further systematic investigation. We traced the evolutionary trends of 20 morphological characters within a robust phylogenetic framework. Our results revealed that many morphological characters show either multiple transitions or few state changes, however, some characters show distinct variation. The two subgenera in Tetrastigma (subgen. Tetrastigma and subgen. Palmicirrata) based on unbranched/bifurcate versus digitately branched tendrils are not supported because subgen. Tetrastigma is paraphyletic. However, the unbranched versus bifurcate/digitately branched tendril is of taxonomic utility to characterize some of the major clades. Inflorescences in Tetrastigma appear axillary, but are leaf‐opposed on a compressed axillary shoot. We found most of the species in Tetrastigma retained the ancestral compound dichasial inflorescence, except those of clade IV that have derived pseudo‐umbellate inflorescences. Other characters including habit, leaf organization, and berry shape provide additional morphological support for the major clades. Our morphological analysis and recent molecular study suggest each of the five major clades within Tetrastigma be treated as distinct taxonomic sections (five sections in the genus).     

Hypoglycemic Effects of a Polysaccharide from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg in Alloxan‐Induced Diabetic Mice

Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels & Gilg , a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine, possesses antitumor and anti‐inflammatory activity, etc. However, the anti‐diabetic effect has not been determined. In our present study, a water‐soluble polysaccharide, named THP with molecular weight of 93 307 Da, was isolated from T. hemsleyanum by DEAE‐52 ion‐exchange and Sephadex G‐100 chromatography. It contains rhamnose, arabinose, mannose, glucose, and galactose in the molar ratio of 0.07:0.14:0.38:0.21:0.31. Then anti‐diabetic effects of THP were examined by treating alloxan‐induced diabetic mice with different doses (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) of THP orally. The results showed that THP could decrease the blood glucose, TC, TG, LDL‐C levels, increase the body weight, HDL‐C, insulin levels, and enhance the activities of antioxidant enzyme system in alloxan‐induced diabetic mice. Furthermore, the histopathological examination of pancreas, liver, and kidney indicated that THP could protect and reverse β‐cells in diabetic mice with low damage to liver and kidney, which suggests that THP may stimulate pancreatic release of insulin and can be an effectively potential candidate for diabetes mellitus.     

福建省域内三叶青优良种源地选择研究

以福建省不同产地三叶青(Tetrastigma hemsleyanum)块根为材料,对比各地理种源三叶青块根总黄酮含量差异,并以总黄酮含量为指标进行系统聚类分析,探讨地理及气候因子与总黄酮含量的相关性。结果表明,不同种源的三叶青块根总黄酮含量有不同程度的差异,同一种源的三叶青块根总黄酮含量差异不显著。基于块根中的总黄酮含量可以将24个三叶青地理种源划分为三大类,第一类包括宁德周宁、宁德古田、三明大田、泉州永春、南平建瓯和三明永安等6个地理种源,第二类包含三明将乐、三明尤溪、龙岩连城和福州永泰等4个地理种源,第三类包含龙岩新罗、福州闽侯、南平延平、泉州德化、漳州南靖、龙岩永定、厦门同安、龙岩武平、莆田仙游、南平光泽、南平顺昌、三明沙县、南平浦城和漳州长泰等14个地理种源。其中第一类种源三叶青总黄酮含量平均为28.77 mg·g-1,较全省平均水平高60.10%。三叶青总黄酮含量与种源地海拔呈极显著正相关,与种源地年平均气温呈极显著负相关,与年平均降水量呈显著正相关,与无霜期呈显著负相关,与经纬度之间的相关性则不显著。     

三叶青叶表型多样性与地上部分总黄酮含量相关性

为揭示不同种源三叶青（Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels&Gilg）叶表型多样性变化及其与地上部分总黄酮含量的相关性,以49个三叶青种质资源（简称“资源”）为研究对象,对各资源叶表型的12个长度性状及7个比例性状进行比较,并采用相关性分析、因子分析和聚类分析方法对叶表型性状及其与种源地位置和地上部分总黄酮含量关系进行统计分析。结果表明：各资源叶长度性状存在较大差异,其中,小叶柄和侧生小叶叶片相关性状在三叶青资源鉴别过程中具有较高的参考价值;部分三叶青叶长度性状与比例性状间存在相关性,整体表现为叶柄增长,小叶叶片则更宽阔,而小叶叶片增长,叶片则朝狭长方向发展;中叶长和侧叶柄长等部分叶形性状与种源地纬度、经度或海拔存在显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）相关性,可作为种源地地理位置初步判断依据;基于3个叶形公因子的聚类分析结果显示,49个三叶青资源叶形可划分为5个类型,各省（直辖市）三叶青叶类型数量呈以江西为中心,向周围辐射递减的趋势;三叶青地上部分总黄酮含量与种源地地理位置无显著相关性,但与叶片性状公因子（公因子1）呈极显著负相关（P&...     

三叶崖爬藤中的新黄酮碳甙

从三叶崖爬藤（Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg)的95%乙醇提取物中分离得到3个黄酮碳甙,经化学方法和光谱分析鉴定为：5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮-6-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖（1-4）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖甙（1）,5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮-8-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖（1-4）-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖甙（2）,5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮-6,8-二-C-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙（3）,1和2为新化合物,分别命名为崖爬藤甙和异崖爬藤甙。     

崖爬藤的生态生物学特征及其扦插繁殖技术

崖爬藤为葡萄科常绿或半常绿藤本,具有重要园林绿化价值。该研究采用叶片离析法和石蜡切片法研究其叶片的形态结构。结果表明:崖爬藤平均叶面积(23.1 cm~2)较大,单位叶面积干重(4.4 mg·cm~(-2))较小,成熟叶厚约为195.5μm,栅栏组织不发达,胞间隙大。利用便携式LI-6400光合测定仪、PAM-2100荧光测定仪对崖爬藤光合生理生态指标进行研究。结果表明:其PSⅡ的最大光化学效率Fv/Fm(0.818)较高;叶片的净光合速率日变化呈单峰型,没有明显的光合午休现象,最大净光合速率Pn为3.691μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),出现在14:00时,变化趋势与光合有效辐射Par、大气温度T、蒸腾速率Tr、气孔导度Gs等因子相同,与胞间CO_2浓度Ci相反,同时具有较高的水分利用效率(3.056μmol·mmol~(-1))。这都显示了崖爬藤喜阴湿环境,不耐寒且具有一定的耐旱特性,适合栽植于我国温度较高的南方地区。此外,以崖爬藤1~2年生老枝和当年生嫩枝为材料,经梯度溶液IBA处理进行扦插生根实验,结果表明,崖爬藤扦插繁殖迅速,生根率较高,以当年生嫩枝不经IBA处理直接扦插为最佳。该研究结果将为崖爬藤的栽培及开发利用提供重要的理论和技术指导。     

A Contribution to the Life History of the Rare Indonesian Holoparasite Rafflesia patma (Rafflesiaceae)1

Fates and growth of Rafflesia patma buds and insect visitation to the flowers were monitored in an evergreen tropical rain forest in the Pangandaran Nature Reserve, Java, Indonesia, Of 59 buds marked in December 1985, 44 percent died before flowering, 7 percent flowered, and 49 percent were still in bud in May 1986. Mammals and birds caused the deaths of buds before they reached maturity. Only four buds flowered between December 1985 and May 1986; all were male. Rate of increase in diameter (cm/d) was much faster in large than in small buds. Once opening began, the flower opened fully in 24 to 48 hours; the flower remained open for three to five days before rotting. Only two genera of insects visited a male flower of R. patma: Lucilia and Sarcophaga (Diptera). Insect visitation was highest in the afternoon (1300–1700 h) and on the second or third day after flower opening. The increased number of flies visiting the flower coincided with the increasing odor emitted from it. Results of the present study were combined with information from the literature to construct a life cycle diagram of R. patma.     

三叶青黄酮对荷Lewis肺癌小鼠免疫功能及肿瘤组织凋亡相关蛋白的影响

探索三叶青黄酮对荷Lewis肺癌小鼠免疫功能及肿瘤组织凋亡相关蛋白的影响。将60只小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、三叶青黄酮高、中、低剂量组(100、50、25 mg/mL)各10只。连续干预14天后,检测各组胸腺指数、脾脏指数、移植瘤组织凋亡及凋亡相关蛋白表达,检测外周血调节性T细胞(Treg)比例。结果显示,与模型组比,三叶青黄酮高中剂量组胸腺指数、脾脏指数和移植瘤组织凋亡率升高(P<0.05),凋亡相关蛋白表达升高(P<0.05),外周血CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg细胞所占比例降低(P<0.05)。综上,三叶青黄酮可降低荷Lewis肺癌小鼠Treg细胞比例,提高免疫功能,诱导移植瘤组织凋亡。