Additive effect of alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid in combating ethanol-induced hepatic fibrosis

Abstract

Objective

To investigate the efficacy of combined administration of alpha-tocopherol (AT) and ascorbic acid (AA) in reducing ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity.

Methods

Rats were maintained for 90 days and grouped as follows: I – control rats, II – ethanol, III – alpha-tocopherol, IV – ethanol + alpha-tocopherol, V – AA, VI – ethanol + ascorbic acid, VII – alpha-tocopherol + ascorbic acid, VIII – ethanol + alpha-tocopherol + ascorbic acid. At the end of the experimental period, markers of hepatic function, oxidative stress, and the expression of markers of inflammation and fibrosis were assayed.

Results

The markers of hepatic function, lipid peroxidation products, protein carbonyls, and the expression of nuclear factor kappa B, tumor necrosis factor alpha, transforming growth factor beta 1, cytochrome P4502E1, and collagen Type I were elevated after ethanol administration. All these parameters were reduced in the ethanol group administered AT and AA in combination. The activities of antioxidant enzymes which were reduced by ethanol administration were enhanced on combined administration of AT and AA. The reduction in hepatic fibrosis was almost 20% more in AT and AA co-administered group compared with AT and AA alone treated groups.

Discussion

Combined administration of fat soluble AT and water soluble AA was beneficial against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. This may be due to their different subcellular localizations.     

扶他林对类风湿性关节炎患者血清VEGF及TNF-alpha水平的影响及其临床疗效

目的：探究扶他林对类风湿性关节炎患者VEGF, TNF-alpha及临床疗效的影响。方法：收集于我院就诊的类风湿性关节炎86 例,根据治疗方法不同分为对照组和治疗组,其中治疗组44 例服用扶他林肠溶片治疗,对照组42 例服用布洛芬片治疗。观察并 比较两组患者血清VEGF及TNF-alpha水平的变化情况、关节功能评分、血沉情况以及临床疗效。结果：与对照组比较,治疗组患者的 临床总有效率较高,晨僵时间、关节疼痛数、关节肿胀数、关节功能分级、血沉比以及血清VEGF及TNF-琢水平较低,差异均具有 统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：扶他林对类风湿性关节炎的临床治疗效果显著,能够降低患者血清VEGF及TNF-alpha水平,改善炎症 反应,适宜临床推广应用。     

钙泊三醇倍他米松软膏联合NB-UVB对掌跖脓疱病患者 血清TNF-alpha, IL-17水平的影响

目的：观察钙泊三醇倍他米松软膏联合窄谱中波紫外线(NB-UVB)治疗掌跖脓疱病的临床疗效及对患者血清肿瘤坏死因子 -alpha(TNF-alpha)、白细胞介素-17(IL-17)水平的影响。方法：选取掌跖脓疱病患者63 例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组外用钙泊三醇 倍他米松软膏联合NB-UVB 治疗,对照组单纯照射NB-UVB,两组患者的疗程均为8 周,治疗4 周及8 周后观察临床疗效,并测 定血清中TNF-琢、IL-17 的浓度。结果：治疗4周和8 周后,治疗组症状积分较对照组明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗4 和8 周时,对照组的有效率分别为22.58 %和45.16 %,治疗组为53.13 %和78.13 %,两组患者的有效率比较差异显著(P<0.05);停 药后3 个月,对照组复发率为35.48 %,治疗组复发率为12.50 %,治疗组明显低于对照组;治疗后两组患者血清中TNF-alpha、IL-17 的浓度均较前下降,且治疗组较对照组下降更明显,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：钙泊三醇倍他米松软膏辅助治疗可以更 有效提高掌跖脓疱病患者的临床疗效,且安全性较好,这可能与其降低患者外周血中TNF-琢和IL-17 的水平有关。     

微生态制剂改善非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者胰岛素抵抗的临床研究

目的:观察美常安对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)患者临床症状及胰岛素抵抗(IR)的作用。方法:选取2009年4月至2013年3月我院收治的88例NAFLD患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组。对照组给予基础治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上,加用美常安胶囊进行治疗。比较两组疗效及治疗前后两组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、甘油三酯(TG)及稳态胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)水平,并分析血浆D乳酸、TNF-α、内毒素与HOMA-IR的相关性,观察两组不良反应情况。结果:治疗组治疗有效率为52.3%,明显高于对照组的29.5%(P0.05)。治疗后治疗组ALT、TG、HOMA-IR下降幅度,均明显优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后治疗组患者血浆D乳酸、TNF-α、内毒素水平明显低于对照组(P0.05),且治疗组患者HOMA-IR与患者血浆D乳酸、血清TNF-α、内毒素水平呈正相关(r=0.352,0.44,0.48;均P0.05)。不良反应发生率低,且两组不良反应发生率无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:美常安治疗NAFLD疗效显著,可降低ALT、TG水平,降低肠道通透性,改善肠源性内毒素血症,改善IR,且安全性较高。     

乌司他丁治疗急性胰腺炎的临床疗效及机制研究

目的:探讨乌司他丁对急性胰腺炎患者的临床疗效及可能机制。方法:收集我院收治的重症急性胰腺炎患者66例,随机分为实验组和对照组。所有患者均给予禁食水、充分补液、纠正电解质紊乱等常规支持对症治疗。对照组予奥曲肽,实验组予乌司他丁,共治疗7天。测定两组患者治疗前、后各血清白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平;治疗前、治疗第1、3天及治疗后进行血常规检测,观察白细胞计数(WBC),并进行血淀粉酶(AMS)、尿淀粉酶(UAMY)测定;分别记录两组患者临床症状及体征恢复时间,判定临床疗效。结果:1治疗后,两组患者血清IL-6、IL-8及TNF-α水平均较治疗前显著下降,且实验组较对照组下降更明显(P0.05);2治疗后,两组患者白细胞计数及血、尿淀粉酶水平均较治疗前明显下降,且实验组较对照组下降更明显(P0.05);3治疗后,实验组各项临床症状及体征消失时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05)。结论:乌司他丁可有效改善急性胰腺胰腺炎患者的各项临床症状,这可能与其显著降低其血清IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、淀粉酶水平、白细胞计数及尿淀粉酶水平有关。     

Plausible biochemical mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (“chemobrain”), a condition that significantly impairs the quality of life of many cancer survivors

Increasing numbers of cancer patients survive and live longer than five years after therapy, but very often side effects of cancer treatment arise at same time. One of the side effects, chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (CICI), also called “chemobrain” or “chemofog” by patients, brings enormous challenges to cancer survivors following successful chemotherapeutic treatment. Decreased abilities of learning, memory, attention, executive function and processing speed in cancer survivors with CICI, are some of the challenges that greatly impair survivors' quality of life. The molecular mechanisms of CICI involve very complicated processes, which have been the subject of investigation over the past decades. Many mechanistic candidates have been studied including disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), DNA damage, telomere shortening, oxidative stress and associated inflammatory response, gene polymorphism of neural repair, altered neurotransmission, and hormone changes. Oxidative stress is considered as a vital mechanism, since over 50% of FDA-approved anti-cancer drugs can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which lead to neuronal death. In this review paper, we discuss these important candidate mechanisms, in particular oxidative stress and the cytokine, TNF-alpha and their potential roles in CICI.     

连续肾脏替代治疗对脓毒症患者血清中TNF-alpha、IL-6 和IL-8 表达的影响

目的：探讨连续肾脏替代治疗（CRRT）对脓毒症患者血清中肿瘤坏死因子alpha（TNF-alpha）、白介素-6（IL-6）和白介素-8（IL-8）的 影响。方法：将我院2013 年1 月-2014 年6 月间收治的80 例脓毒症患者随机分为观察组与对照组各40 例,两组患者均给予脓毒 症常规治疗,观察组另给予CRRT 治疗。观察比较两组患者治疗前1 天,治疗后24 h,72 h空腹静脉血TNF-alpha、IL-6、IL-8 水平。结 果：观察组治愈率为85.0%（34/40）,明显高于对照组的55.0%（22/40）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗24h、72h 后两组患者 TNF-alpha、IL-6和IL-8 水平均明显下降,其中观察组下降更显著,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：CRRT 能有效降低脓毒症患 者血清中TNF-alpha、IL-6 和IL-8 水平,有助于对炎症反应的正向调节。     

TNFalph 和 IL-1bet 靶点抗炎药物筛选细胞模型的构建

目的:构建两个高表达人TNFα和IL-1β细胞系,建立抗炎药物筛选细胞模型。方法:运用PCR的方法从载体pCMVSport-TNFα和p CMVSport-IL1β上扩增目的基因,以亚克隆方法将目的基因分别插入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1和pFLAG-CMV中,用单酶切、PCR扩增和基因测序的方法鉴定重组效果,然后将重组成功的质粒转入HEK293细胞系内,挑选能够稳定表达并遗传的单克隆细胞株,用蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)法分析其表达效果。结果:三种鉴定方法均显示重组质粒构建成功。Western blot结果显示,细胞株T3、T4均能较高表达炎症因子TNF-α;细胞株I2、I3、I5均能较高表达炎症因子IL-1β。结论:成功构建了TNFα和IL-1β靶标的药物筛选细胞模型,为筛选具有抗炎作用的中药提供了一个新平台。     

急性白血病患者化疗前后外周血IL-2、TNF-alpha和VEGF 水平变化及与临床预后的关系

目的：探讨急性白血病患者（AL）化疗前后外周血白细胞介素-2 (IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子-alpha(TNF-alpha)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF) 水平变化及与临床预后的关系。方法：选2010年3 月-2013 年12 月在我院行化疗治疗的53 例AL患者（AL 组）,并同期抽选我 院47 例健康体检者为对照组,采用放射免疫以及酶联法检测两组外周血IL-2、TNF-alpha和VEGF水平,并探讨AL患者化疗前后外 周血IL-2、TNF-alpha、VEGF水平变化及与临床预后的关系。结果：AL 组化疗前外周血TNF-alpha、VEGF水平明显高于对照组（P<0.05）, IL-2 水平明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。AL组化疗6 个月后外周血IL-2、TNF-alpha和VEGF 含量与化疗前比较差异均有统计学意义 （P<0.05）。AL 组化疗6 个月后长期缓解未复发者42 例、复发者11 例;复发患者的外周血TNF-alpha、VEGF水平较未复发组高,IL-2 较未复发组低,组间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：检测AL患者的外周血IL-2、TNF-琢、VEGF含量可作为诊断及判断预后 的重要指标。     

Apoptosis and production of TNF-α by tumor-associated inflammatory cells in histological grade III breast cancer

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-) is a cytokine that acts as an important mediator of the apoptotic process that also demonstrates selective citotoxicity against malignant breast tumor cells. In the present study, the presence of apoptotic tumor cells and the synthesis of TNF- by inflammatory cells were investigated in tissue samples from grade III invasive breast cancer with long-term follow-up. In situ detection of tumor apoptotic cells was investigated by direct immuno-peroxidase of digoxigenin-labeled genomic DNA. The production of TNF- and tumor cell proliferation were investigated by immunohistochemical procedures. Our data demonstrated that patients with a clinical history of cancer recurrence and metastasis presented a lower number of cancerous apoptotic cells, higher tumor proliferation rates, and lower TNF- expression rates by inflammatory cells than what is observed among patients diagnosed with the same histopathological breast cancer type but in the absence of tumor recurrence and metastasis.