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1.
椭圆斜羽叶的解剖研究及斜羽叶的系统分类位置 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文根据对椭圆斜羽叶(Plagiozamites oblongifolius)钙质石化化石的研究,认为其主要特征如下:羽状复叶,叶肉无海绵组织和栅栏组织分化。羽片叶脉维管束外韧式,木质部外始式,与现代苏铁属叶脉特征相近。羽轴维管束为“U”形,外始式木质部、梯状纹孔管胞,与现代苏铁属的羽轴维管束相似。根据上述特征,目前可将斜羽叶属归入原始苏铁类植物。但是,如果斜羽叶的生殖器官同 Noeggerathia 一样,为异孢型孢子囊穗,则斜羽叶可能为一种与苏铁类起源有关的原裸子植物。 相似文献
2.
R. G. Beutel R. E. Roughley 《Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research》1988,26(5):380-400
Various characters of adult and larval members of Adephaga and Cupedidae were analyzed, and suggest that Gyrinidae are the sister-group of the remaining Adephaga, and are not closely related to the remaining aquatic Adephaga. The aquatic families Noteridae, Amphizoidae, Hygrobiidae and Dytiscidae seem to form a well founded monophyletic unit. The following characters are considered as synapomorphies of Adephaga excluding Gyrinidae: bifurcate condition of the muscle (= M.) tentoriopraementalis inferior, reduction of hypopharynx, strongly developed prosternal process, reduction in size and specialized modification of the ventral sclerite of the mesothorax, strongly developed mesofurcal arms, a high mesopleural ridge, globular mesocoxae restricted to rotatory movements, invaginated sternum VIII (coxostemum), the strongly curved base of the median lobe of the aedeagus, which articulates with the parameres, the rotated position of the aedeagus in repose, fusion of the larval clypeolabrum with the frons and reduction of the larval lacinia. Mesal shifting of M. episterno-coxalis prothoracis, and the fusion of the apical portions of the malpighian tubules of either side are considered as synapomorphies of Adephaga excluding Rhysodidae and Gyrinidae. Lateral reduction of the meta “sternal” transverse ridge and the presence of the subcubital setal binding patch of the hind wing are considered as synapomorphic characters of Trachypachidae, Noteridae, Amphizoidae, Hygrobiidae and Dytiscidae. We postulate that the metacoxal fusion occurred independently in gyrmids and the common ancestor of Trachypachidae, Noteridae, Amphizoidae, Hygrobiidae and Dytiscidae. Consequently we consider this character state as another synapomorphy of Trachypachidae and Hydradephaga excluding Haliplidae and Gyrinidae. The following characters are considered as synapomorphies of Noteridae, Amphizoidae, Hygrobiidae and Dytiscidae: Loss of tactile setae on the head capsule, metafurcal origin on the intercoxal wall, expansion of the intercoxal wall, elongation of the subcubital setal binding patch, loss of Mm. furca-coxale anterior and posterior, reduction of the larval abdominal segments IX and X, and the shifting of the uropmphi onto the ventral side of segment VIII. Presence of M. tentorio-mandibularis and M. stipitopalpalis intemus are certainly primitive features of adult gyrinids but the distribution of these character states among most members of Adephaga is yet unclear. Chemical defence gland constituents point towards a very isolated position of Gyrinidae. The old age of the group, documented by a larva found in upper Permian deposits, may support the hypothesis of a sister-group relation-ship between Gyrinidae and the remainder of Adephaga. 相似文献
3.
J. W. M. Baars 《Aquatic Ecology》1988,22(2):147-155
The cold oligo-eurytherm diatomsCoscinodiscus concinnus W. Smith andRhizosolenia setigera Brightwell were cultured to determine their best competitive position by growth. Comparison of their generation times with those of other diatoms indicate that they reach this position between 6°C and 12°C. Both species grew between –1.5°C and about 20°C. The experiments indicate thatC. concinnus flowerings are possible in a deep water column, during periods of high light intensities. The simultaneous death of species in the upper layer is also caused by high light intensities.C. concinnus appeared in two morphological forms; the normal voluminous form, and a flatter form with a few intercalary bands only, filled with large oil-droplets. The latter appeared at 0°C and below, and at the upper temperature limit for growth of about 19°C–20°C. The separation of nov. spec. fromC. concinnus based on the absence or presence of a hyaline area and intercalary bands as identification characteristics should be reconsidered. 相似文献
4.
5.
中国鲴亚科鱼类同工酶和骨骼特征及系统演化的探讨:鲤形目:鲤科 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
本文对鲴亚科Xenocyprinae共4属6种鱼和鲢亚科Hypophthal michthyinae的鲢、鳙Aristichihys nobilis进行了骨骼系统的研究,并对鲴亚科的6种鱼同工酶谱型,进行了分析比较。鲢亚科虽然具有鲴亚科的共同祖征和全部离征,但因其有较多的特化性状,仍将其列为和鲴亚科并列的一个亚科。应用分支系统学原理推导出鲴亚科的系统发育图。鲴亚科6种鱼的肝、肾、心、眼的晶状体、鳍、脑,肌肉等7种组织5种同工酶(LDH,MDH,ES,ADH,G6PDH)的电泳分析表明,生化分类和经典分类结果完全一致。 相似文献
6.
W. Junger 《Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology》1991,169(5):633-639
Waterstriders on ponds and creeks compensate for displacement caused by wind or water current with periodical jumps against the direction of drift. This behavior is mediated by visual stimuli.
相似文献
1. | Waterstriders are able to detect the direction and extent of their displacement on an artificial canal when visual cues are reduced to a single point-like light source above the upstream end of the canal. They adjust the frequency and direction of the compensatory jumps to keep their mean position on the canal constant. The mean amplitude of the jumps is constant and independent of the stream velocity. |
2. | During drift compensation the light spot is kept in the frontal visual field at a fixed angle of elevation. This set angle differs among individuals and can be changed with time. |
3. | The station-keeping ability can hardly be explained by a velocity servo system since there is no accumulating position error. The average compensatory movements are governed by a discontinuously working position servo. |
4. | When the light spot is switched off, a few jumps are still performed. Jumps, therefore, are not triggered individually by visual cues. Waterstriders must possess an endogenous jump-generator. |
7.
Ursula Bartecki 《Primates; journal of primatology》1986,27(2):173-184
A study was carried out on the social position of 12 subadult males of a semifreeranging Barbary macaque population during
the non-mating season. The social position was measured in terms of spatial as well as interactive parameters. The subadult
males had social contacts to members of nearly all other age-sex classes but showed clear preferences for same-sexed partners.
Besides this differences were found between 5- and 6-year-old males with respect to their interaction profiles and the preference
for special classes of interaction partners. The terms “peripheral-central” is discussed with reference to the social structures
of macaque societies. The data of the present study indicate that the social position of subadult male Barbary macaques can
not be described by one of these terms exclusively. The results are compared to other studies on Barbary macaques and other
macaque species. It is concluded that in macaque societies subadult males are not obligatorily forced to live at the periphery
or to abide. It is proposed not to postulate stiff social structures but to put more emphasis on the range of variation among
macaque species. 相似文献
8.
The perennial taxa ofCrucianella in Asia form a coherent group, apparently diploid (x = 11) and outbreeding throughout, and should be placed into sect.Roseae. This Irano-Turanian group has its centre of diversity in the mountain systems south of the Caspian Sea and reaches with outposts NE. and E. Anatolia, NE. Iraq, S. Iran and C. Asia. Four species and 13 subspecies (within the polymorphicC. gilanica) are recognized, described (partly as new), and illustrated (Figs. 1–6). Conspectus, keys and distribution maps (Figs. 7 and 8) as well as plesio- and apomorphic character states and data on size of areas are provided (Table 1). There is an obvious correlation between more plesiomorphic taxa with smaller areas in the distribution centre of the group, and more apomorphic taxa with larger areas towards its periphery (Fig. 9). These findings are linked to a working hypothesis on the evolution of the group.Dedicated to Prof. DrLothar Geitler on the occasion of his 90th birthday. 相似文献
9.
金钱松(属)的细胞分类学研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
我国特有植物金钱松Pseudolarixamabills的体细胞染色体数目为2n=44,不同于n=12(Miyake&Yasui,1911)和2n=24(Dunieu-Vabre,1961)的结果。核型公式为K(2n)=44=4sm+40t)4SC)属3B类型,与K(n)=22=2m+20t(Sax&Sax,1933)和K(2n)=44=4sm+40t(Hizume1988)有差异。染色体相对长度组成为=44=4L+12M_2+26M_1+2S。金钦松(属)不仅在染色体数目(2n=44)和核型(具20对端着丝粒染色体)而且它的一些形态、解剖学和植化性状与所有松科其它各属不同。另外,它的一系列形态、解剖、孢粉、生化、植化和古植物学特征显然表明把该属与落叶松属、雪松属一起组成落叶松亚科是不适宜的。因此似乎有理由把金钱松从该亚科分出并建立一个单型的金钱松新亚科。本文还对金钱松(属)核型可能由近缘的铁杉属起源和进化而来作了讨论。 相似文献
10.
伯乐树茎次生木质部结构的研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
利用光镜和扫描电镜对伯乐树(Bretschneidera sinensisHem sl.)茎次生木质部的结构进行了研究。其主要特征为:(1)散孔材,有较明显的生长轮;(2)导管分子多为单穿孔板,少数为梯形复穿孔板,具螺纹加厚;(3)管胞、纤维-管胞和韧型木纤维同时存在,后两者有的具分隔;(4)木薄壁组织以轮界分布为主;(5)木射线多为大型异形射线,属异形IIB型;(6)缺乏侵填体、树脂道及分泌细胞。对伯乐树科(Bretschneideraceae)的系统位置作了探讨。 相似文献