Regeneration niche of three epiphytic species of Gesneriaceae from Chilean rainforests: implications for the evolution of growth habits in Coronanthereae

Ecological and evolutionary studies of the epiphytic growth habit in angiosperms are limited. In this article, we assess the relationship between growth habit and regeneration niche in Coronanthereae (Gesneriaceae) and discuss its implications for the evolution of epiphytism in this lineage. In the temperate rainforest of southern Chile, we quantified the vertical distribution and experimentally examined the regeneration niche of three endemic species of Coronanthereae. One species was a holoepiphyte, which was more frequent in the upper canopy, and two species were secondary hemiepiphytes, which decreased in abundance with tree height. Seed germination of the holoepiphyte was higher on tree bark substrates and under open canopy than on forest soil and in the shade. In contrast, seed germination of both secondary hemiepiphytes did not differ between substrates (bark vs. soil) or light conditions (light vs. shade). Seedling survival percentage of secondary hemiepiphytes was higher on forest soil and under a closed canopy, thus behaving as shade‐tolerant species. In turn, the holoepiphyte behaved as a shade‐intolerant species. The reconstruction of the ancestral growth habits and regeneration niches on the inferred phylogenetic tree of Coronanthereae revealed that the specialized regeneration niche of Sarmienta repens, characterized by requirements of shade intolerance and germination on tree bark, was coupled with the evolution of the holoepiphytic growth habit. We conclude that differentiation in the regeneration niche is a key process in the evolution of epiphytic growth habits in Coronanthereae. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 170 , 79–92.     

红蕉花部维管束系统的解剖学研究

红蕉花单性、同株 ,雄花与雌花花梗部的维管束均可分为外环维管束、中环维管束及中央维管束区。雌花外环维管束逐渐外移 ,并分支、变小、数目增多 ,至子房室区中部时几乎贴近表皮 ;中环维管束与外环维管束形态基本相似、稍大 ,至延长部中上部时与外环维管束合成一轮 ,最后进入花被片 ,成为花被维管束系统 ;中央维管束区在花梗部时排列为六组 ,组间有一些小的维管束分布。在室下区 ,近轴面隔膜维管束组消失 ,至子房室区基部时 (室下区 )其它五组逐渐聚集成明显五束 ;而组间的小维管束向中央聚拢 ,于子房室区基部时排列成环形 ,接着进入子房室中轴成为胎座维管束 ,随后束形变小 ,且随子房室的变小而外移 ,经延长部最后进入花柱 ,与心皮背束内方的三枚分支一起成为花柱维管束系统。三束心皮背束延伸至延长部时均分裂为内、外两支 ,三枚外方的分支进入三枚外轮雄蕊。两束远轴面隔膜束进入两枚内轮雄蕊。雄花与雌花的维管束系统基本相似 ,差异主要在雄花无子房室区及中轴的胎座维管束消失。     

南五味子属(五味子科)三种植物之补记

报道南五味子属Kadsura的黑老虎K. coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Smith在印度尼西亚的分布新记录,毛南五味子K. induta A. C. Smith在中国贵州的分布新记录,冷饭藤K. oblongifolia Merrill在中国福建和台湾以及越南的分布新记录,补充或纠正了前人对毛南五味子的形态描述,取消了Saunders对海南黑老虎K. hainanensis Merrill和冷饭藤所作的后选模式。     

含亚洲、欧洲、北美洲山毛榉病害病原菌的Neonectria coccinea复合群的物种概念(英文)

对包含亚洲、欧洲、北美洲山毛榉病害病原菌在内的Neonectria coccinea复合群中物种之间的系统演化关系以及物种概念进行了探讨。Neonectria faginata(曾处理为Neo.coccinea var.faginata)与狭义的Neo.coccinea和Neo.punicea有明显区别。系统树显示5个分支与Neo.coccinea群的关系较为接近,由于缺乏显著的形态差异,它们始终没有在物种的等级上区分。根据形态学、系统发育、寄主专化性和地理因素,采用多基因act、ITS、LSU、rpb1、tef1和tub序列分析的方法,对亚洲、欧洲、北美洲的相关材料进行了研究,结果表明,它们代表4个独立的物种,即Neo.coccinea,Neo.faginata,Neo.microconidia和Neo.punicea,对每个种进行了详尽的描述和图示。并为Sphaeria coccinea和Neonectria coccinea var.faginata指定了附加模式。     

多孔菌三个中国新记录种

报道了多孔菌3个中国新记录种,其中包括1个新组合种：胭脂红栓孔菌。褐白革孔菌Coriolopsis brunneoleuca采自广西、海南和云南省,该种的主要特征为子实体盖形,菌盖表面浅黄褐色至黄褐色,被绒毛,骨架菌丝和缠绕菌丝有拟糊精反应;婆罗洲榆孔菌Elmerina borneensis采自福建和海南省,子实体平伏,子实层中较多大的菌丝钉,担子纵分隔;胭脂红栓孔菌Trametes coccinea采自吉林省,子实体橘黄色、浅红褐色、红色至砖红色,孔口小。文中对这3个种进行了详细的描述和显微结构绘图并且提供了红色栓孔菌种类（即红孔菌属种类）的检索表。     

竹节海棠叶外植体脱分化启动的细胞学观察

竹节海棠叶外植体接种于MS+6-BA1ppm+NAA0.1ppm培养基上。外植体脱分化启动过程中,表皮及叶肉细胞主要以劈裂的无丝分裂方式进行分裂:最初核延伸为纺锤形,核仁大而明显,使整个核的轮廓呈“眼”状;随着核的中部出现裂缝,核断开成为两部分,稍后,由原来的母细胞形成两个子细胞。由于核分裂前向细胞中央移动的距离及断裂时断裂面的不同,从而造成细胞团内细胞大小悬殊及分裂面严重混乱的不等分裂现象。文中对栅栏组织细胞脱分化启动后重复进行无丝分裂形成梯状细胞团的现象也进行了讨论。     

Genome constitution for Musa beccarii (Musaceae) varieties

Borneo is a large island in Southeast Asia. It is divided politically into three parts: the kingdom of Brunei on the north central coast; the Malaysian states of Sarawak and Sabah to the west and east; with Kalimantan of Indonesia making up the larger par…