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N. C. Burns 《Journal of nematology》1971,3(3):238-245
''Amsoy'' soybeans were grown for 2 months in nonsterilized Jackson silt loam amended to pH 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0. Nematodes were extracted biweekly from soil and roots. The greatest numbers of Pratylenchus alleni colonized soybean roots at pH 6.0. Hoplolaimus galeatus and members of the Tylenchinae-Psilenchinae survived best at pH 6.0, while numbers o f the Dorylaimoidea were greatest at both pH 6.0 and 8.0. The non-stylet nematodes were recovered in greater numbers from pH 8.0 soil. Potassium, manganese, and phenols were highest in soybean plants grown in pH 4.0 soil, the pH at which there were the fewest nematodes. A thicker suberized outer layer o f root tissue occurred in plants grown at pH 4.0. 相似文献
3.
John R. Porter Michael F. Allen Leslie C. Lane Michael G. Boosalis 《Plant and Soil》1982,68(2):283-287
Summary A chlorotic condition of soybeans in the river valleys of eastern Nebraska was studied. The pattern of chlorosis, presence
of petiolar necrosis, reductions in rhizobial and mycorrhizal infection, and plant and soil chemical analyses suggest that
the condition is more complex than normal iron deficiency chlorosis or other mineral deficiencies or toxicities. Nodulation
is almost totally inhibited in affected plants. Mycorrhizal fungi, while able to infect early in the season, do not persist
on affected plants. Breakdown of endodermis was observed in the roots of affected plants. The factors contributing to this
condition have not yet been determined.
Published with the approval of the director as Paper No. 5672, Journal Series, Nebraska Agricultural Experiment Station. 相似文献
4.
Summary Soybeans (Glycine max L. var. Williams) were grown for six weeks in a greenhouse in quartz sand containing 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 or 8% (w/w) sterilized peat moss. The cation exchange capacities of the organic matter-sand (OM-S) mixtures ranged from 0.01 to 8.88 meq/100 g dry weight. Imposed on each OM-S mixture was a treatment of 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 or 20.0 ppm Cd applied as CdCl2·21/2H2O. Height growth was measured weekly and at harvest plants were separated into leaves, stems and roots for dry weight and tissue Cd determinations. For plants grown in sand alone, height growth and dry matter accumulation in all tissues were reduced and Cd content was increased. These effects were correlated with increasing Cd concentration in the rooting medium. Inhibitions in growth by Cd were reduced by addition of organic matter; the amount of alleviation was dependent on both the level of organic matter and the cadmium treatment. In the 0, 0.5 and 1% OM-S mixtures, Cd content in the various tissues was correlated with metal treatment. Tissue levels were markedly reduced for Cd treatments in the 2, 4 and 8% OM-S mixtures, although there was a positive correlation between tissue Cd and the 1.25 and 2.5 Cd treatments. The order of Cd accumulation in the tissues was roots stems>leaves. 相似文献
5.
A chromatographic procedure for the purification of two lipoxygenase isoenzymes (linoleate: O2 oxidoreductase, EC 1.13.11.12.) from soybean is described. The procedure for the purification of isoenzyme L-1 includes optimalized extraction, ammonium sulfate fractionation, heat treatment and gradient elution from a CM-Sephadex C-50 column. The purification of L-2 includes ammonium sulfate fractionation, gelfiltration on Sephadex G-150 and gradient elution from a DEAE-cellulose column. Both isoenzymes L-1 and L-2 appear homogeneous after Disc-PAGE. The isoelectric points are 5.6 for L-1 and 5.8 for L-2. Molecular weights are estimated as 100,000 for L-1 as well as L-2 applying three different methods. Both isoenzymes contain 0.9 mol iron per mol protien. The estimated turn over numbers are 8,200 mol linoleate per mol enzyme and min for L-1 and 3,100 for L-2. Amino acid compositions determined after acid hydrolysis show marked differences between L-1 and L-2, particularly with respect to the amino acids Lys, Phe, Ser, Gly and Leu. L-1 posesses a total of 9 cysteine molecules, 6 of which are present as disulfide bonds. L-2 posesses a total of 8 cysteine molecules with only one disulfide bond.These results have been presented in part at the 13th ISF Congress in Marseille on 2nd September 1976 相似文献
6.
Summary In a pot culture experiment, the influence of soil moisture stress at different physiological stages of soybean, cv. Hark, on nodulation, symbiosis and nitrogen accumulation was studied. Moisture stress reduced leghemoglobin content of root nodules and nitrogen uptake by plants. It had no effect on number of bacteroids. Stress at mid bloom and rapid pod filling stages reduced yield and seed protein content. However, these parameters were not affected by stress at nodule initiation and early flowering stages, though, flower initiation and maturity of the plant were delayed. Moisture stress at any stage did not alter nitrogen status of roots. 相似文献
7.
H. C. Jones J. C. Chancey W. A. Morton W. V. Dashek G. C. Llewellyn 《Mycopathologia》1980,72(2):67-73
Aflatoxin producing strains of Aspergillus grow on soybeans thereby contaminating the latter through secretion of the toxin. Investigations dealing with either soybean seed germination or intact seedling growth responses to aflatoxin (B1) are lacking. Similarly, a possible interaction of aflatoxins with phosphate in the germination and elongation of both soybeans and pollen as well as roots of the former and tubes of the latter has not been examined. Imbibition of Glycine max, cv. Essex seeds for 18 hours in solutions containing 0.38, 2.90, 5.80 or 11.60 g/ml (AFB1) yielded% germination inhibitions of 5, 20, 40 and 80, respectively. By 36 hours these were 6, 4, 13 and 19 % for the same toxin concentration series. At 140 hours attached root elongation was inhibited 26, 35 and 50 % for 2.90, 5.80 and 11.60 g/ml AFB1. No effect was noted at 0.38 g/ml AFB1. Incubation of excised roots in medium containing 3.0 mM KH2PO4 stimulated their elongation 3.2 fold. Addition of 33.28 g/ml mixed aflatoxins together with KH2PO4 resulted in only a 1.5 fold stimulation. When KH2PO4 was added to a culture medium lacking AFB1, Lilium longiflorum, cv. Ace pollen germination was enhanced 50%. Withholding KH2PO2 but supplying AFB1 did not markedly affect germination. However, supplementing the medium with KH2PO4 while simultaneously adding AFB1 did not inhibit germination at 5 and 10 g/ml but caused 27.3 and 45.1 % declines at 25 and 30 g/ml. In the absence of KH2PO4 AFB1 stimulated pollen tube elongation 7.5, 14.3, 16.5 and 13.2 % at 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/ml but 30 g/ml inhibited it 11.1%. In contrast, tube elongation was suppressed at all AFB1 concentrations (maximum 36.1% at 30 g/ml) tested upon KH2PO4 addition. Results derived from germinating pollen in medium supplemented with KH2PO4 or NaH2PO4 indicate that the phosphate anion does not preferentially promote aflatoxin-induced inhibition of tube elongation.Aided by grant IN-127 from the American Cancer Society to W.V. Dashek and funds from the Departments of Biology, West Virginia University and Virginia Commonwealth University and the West Virginia University Foundation. 相似文献
8.
Five constant temperatures between 14 and 30°C were used to evaluate their effect on the development time and adult emergence
of five Trichogramma species found parasitizing eggs of the velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on soybeans in subtropical Southern Brazil. Host eggs were parasitized at 20°C and then transferred
to the study temperatures to follow development and emergence of parasitoids. All five species were able to develop and emerge
within the range of temperatures evaluated, and the effect of temperature on development rates could be described by linear
regression. Trichogramma acacioi Brun, Moraes & Soares and T. rojasi Nagaraja & Nagarkatti were the most cold-tolerant species, with lower threshold temperatures of 8.1 ± 0.16°C and 9.2 ± 0.16°C,
respectively. Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman & Platner was the least cold-adapted species, with a lower threshold of 10.2 ± 0.13°C. Degree-day accumulation ranged
from 153.8 DD for T. atopovirilia to 190.7 DD for T. acacioi. Adult emergence was higher than 90% for T. atopovirilia and T. pretiosum at all temperatures, whereas T. lasallei Pinto emergence dropped to 71.3% at 14°C and to 58.3% at 26°C, both significantly lower than the emergence of T. pretiosum and T. atopovirilia. Significantly less T. acacioi adults emerged at 30°C than either T. pretiosum or T. atopovirilia. The sex-ratio was not affected within the range of temperatures studied, and varied from 0.65 to 0.88 (female/(male + female)).
Differences among Trichogramma spp. densities in the field can be attributed to slower development rates and/or reduced emergence of adults, both at low
and high temperatures.
相似文献
Luís A. FoersterEmail: |
9.
Wang SL Lin YT Liang TW Chio SH Ming LJ Wu PC 《Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology》2009,36(1):65-73
A lipase-producing bacterium was isolated and identified as Pseudomonas monteilii TKU009. A lipase (F2) and lipase-like materials (F1) were purified from the culture supernatant of P. monteilii TKU009 with soybean powder as the sole carbon/nitrogen source. The molecular mass of F1 and F2 was estimated to be 44 kDa
by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration. The optimum pH, optimum temperature, and pH and thermal stabilities of F2 were 7, 40°C, 8–11,
and 50°C; and of F1 were 6, 40°C, 6–7, and 50°C, respectively. F2 was completely inhibited by EDTA and slightly by Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, and SDS. F1 was completely inhibited by EDTA and Fe2+ and strongly by Zn2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and SDS. The activities of both the enzymes were enhanced by the addition of non-ionic surfactants Triton X–100 and Tween
40, especially for F1. F2 preferably acted on substrates with a long chain (C10–C18) of fatty acids, while F1 showed a broad
spectrum on those with chain length of C4–C18. The marked activity of F2 in organic solvents makes it an ideal choice for
application in a water-restricted medium including organic synthesis.
Li-June Ming is a visiting Professor at the National Cheng Kung University. 相似文献
10.
The long-term effect of sludge application on Cu, Zn, and Mo behavior in soils and accumulation in soybean seeds 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bojeong Kim Murray B. McBride Brian K. Richards Tammo S. Steenhuis 《Plant and Soil》2007,299(1-2):227-236
A long-term greenhouse column experiment using two soils of different textures amended with dewatered, composted and alkaline-stabilized
sludges (biosolids) tested the effect of aging on trace metal solubility, mobility and crop uptake over 15 cropping cycles.
Specifically, soil chemical properties and extractability of Cu, Zn and Mo were measured after each cropping cycle, and soybeans
(Glycine max (L.) Merr.) grown as the final crop were analyzed for those metal concentrations in the seeds. Significant Cu loss from the
surface soil through leaching, and increased Zn extractability resulting from soil acidification were evident in the early
cropping cycles shortly after sludge application, with the degree of Cu mobilization and soil acidification strongly dependent
on the type of soil and sludge. Liming to counter acidification in later cycles enhanced Mo extractability and bioavailability
substantially, with some sludge treatments producing soybean seeds with Mo concentrations up to 5 times greater than the control.
Aging effects were difficult to discern for trace metals in this long-term study, since soil pH changes caused by sludge and
liming amendments dominated metal solubility and crop uptake. 相似文献