越冬期间香蕉果穗套袋的防寒效果及其对产量的影响

冬季香蕉果穗用兰色聚乙烯薄膜套袋之后,可提高袋内温度1～5℃,果实低温伤害卑只有1％左右,而未经套袋的达23％～35％,果指长度和径围增加率分别达12％和9％左右,果实产量比对照增加8％～16％。试验结果表明,兰色聚乙烯薄膜套袋是越冬期间香蕉防寒保果和增产的一项有效措施。     

Reducing malaria by mosquito-proofing houses

Sometimes, valuable lessons from history are forgotten, remain unknown, or worse, are ignored. This article reminds us of the pioneering work of Angelo Celli at the end of the 19th century, who demonstrated that people could be protected from malaria by screening their homes against mosquitoes. Since then, public health scientists have continued to show that simple changes in house design have the potential for protecting people against this life-threatening disease. Yet today, this type of intervention remains virtually ignored. The literature reviewed here demonstrates the enormous potential of these methods to reduce malaria, in the hope that it will stimulate scientific debate and further research.     

Promotional effect of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid on the enzymatic finishing of wool

To improve the effects of protease finishing on wool, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid was employed as a pretreatment reagent. It was found that ionic liquid pretreatment significantly changed the wool surface characteristics. The Allwördern reaction showed that the epicuticle layer was damaged by the ionic liquid, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis further demonstrated that the surface elemental composition was significantly changed. Ionic liquid pretreatment remarkably improved the accessibility of protease to the wool and thus accelerated the hydrolysis rate of keratin. The properties of wool fabric after combined processing were also changed. Dyeability results showed that the color depth was increased but the wet rubbing and washing fastness of wool fabrics showed a decreased half grade. The wettability results demonstrate that the contact angle was further reduced after the comprehensive treatment because of the exposure of more proteins under the fatty‐acid layer. In addition, the shrink proofing of wool fabric was also enhanced after combined processing. In summary, ionic liquid modification presents a promising pretreatment method for protease processing of wool.     

The role of chitosan in wool finishing

The application of the biopolymer chitosan as an alternative to the conventional contaminating processes in textiles was studied. As chitosan is produced by biomass, it is biodegradable and bioadsorbable. These properties are increasingly important given the current environmental legislation. The main aim of chitosan treatment of oxidised wool fabrics is to improve felting properties and dyeing behaviour.     

基于GlobeLand30的城市生态用地时空变化特征——以北京市为例

在城市高速增长而土地资源有限的背景下,北京市探索了城市总体规划统领的生态保护与建设有效途径,探究其生态用地时空变化特征,能够为生态用地与建设用地同步规划和协调布局提供参考。本文基于北京市2000年、2010年和2020年的GlobeLand30土地覆盖数据,分析了2000-2020年生态用地与建设用地、农用地的相互转化,揭示了各类用地变化强度在不同距离及方位的空间分布特征,应用景观格局指数刻画了空间形态变化;通过景观扩张/收缩指数LESI判定生态用地空间形态变化模式;通过高斯两步移动搜索法2SFCA计算建设用地与生态用地的可达性。结果表明：（1）生态用地面积占比一直为13%~15%,但不同距离和方位的空间分布发生显著变化,生态条件较好区域受城市增长负面影响较大,生态条件相对薄弱区域的生态建设在城市增长中加强。（2）生态用地的空间形态变化不大,但空间分布趋于分散;生态用地增加以新生模式和扩展模式为主,减少则从消亡模式为主转向分裂模式和收缩模式为主。（3）建设用地与生态用地的可达性整体偏低,2000-2010年新增建设用地可达性的低等级占比高于既有建设用地,可达性高值区零散分布在中心区域;2010-2020年新增建设用地可达性的较高等级占比高于既有建设用地,可达性较高区域的空间分布更加均匀。