华麻花头根中的蜕皮甾酮类成分

从华麻花头(Serratula chinensis S．Moore)根中分得7种蜕皮甾酮类化合物,经光谱分析和化学方法,分别鉴定为：20-羟基蜕皮松(1),podecdysone C(2),3-氧-乙酰基-20-羟基蜕皮松(3),20-羟基蜕皮松-20,22．-缩丁醛(4),shidasterone(5),atrotosterone C(6)和carthamosterone(7),其中20-羟基蜕皮松-20,22．缩丁醛为一新的化合物。     

Systematics and biogeography of Klasea (Asteraceae–Cardueae) and a synopsis of the genus

Klasea , traditionally treated as a section in Serratula , is now widely accepted at the generic level. A classification of the genus is presented here, accommodating the 46 species in ten sections based on nuclear ribosomal DNA external and internal transcribed spacer sequence data and morphology. New combinations for five species and ten subspecies are published, and a new hybrid species is described. The genus ranges from the Iberian Peninsula and north Africa through southern and eastern Europe, west and central Asia to the Himalayas, and the Far East of Russia and China. The ancestral area is in west Asia, most probably eastern Anatolia and northern and western Iran. In this region, representatives of all sections are present. The largest section Klasea diversified most likely in the mountains of central Asia. A key to all Klasea species is provided.  © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 152 , 435–464.     

Cell Cultures of Ecdysteroid-Containing Ajuga reptansand Serratula coronata Plants

Cell suspension cultures of Ajuga reptans L. and Serratula coronata L. were derived from long-cultured calluses. Their growth patterns and morphophysiological characteristics indicated that these cells adapted well to grow in suspensions. During the growth cycle of cell suspension, the main ecdysteroid, among others present in plants, was 20-hydroxyecdyson (20E) for both cell lines. The content of 20E in cell suspension of A. reptans was 4–8 times higher than in the intact plant. After long culturing, the ecdysteroid profile in cell suspensions of S. coronata (20E, inokosterone, makisterone A, ecdyson, and a nonidentified metabolite) became similar to that of the intact plant. The ecdysteroids accumulated with a periodicity during subculturing cycle.     

New chromosome counts in the subtribe Centaureinae (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from West Asia, III

Eighteen chromosome counts of 14 species of Centaurea, two species of Serratula and one species each of the genera Amberboa and zoegea from Iran are reported; 15 of them are new reports, one is a correction of a previous count and two are confirmations of very scarce previous data. A new nomenclatural combination is proposed: Serratula khuzistanica comb. nov.     

New chromosome counts in the subtribe Centaureinae (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from West Asia, II

Seventeen chromosome counts of nine species of Centaurea , two species of Serratula , one species each of the genera Aetheopappus, Amberboa, Hyalaea, Oligochaeta, Stizolophus and the type of the monospecific genus Callicephalus from Armenia are reported; three of them are new reports, four others are corrections of previous counts and ten are confirmations of very scarce previous data.     

华麻花头根中的神经酰胺成分

从菊科麻花头属植物华麻花头（Serratula chinensis S．Moore）根中分离得一组神经酰胺类化俞物,经光谱和化学方法分析,鉴定为（2S,3S,4R,8E）-8,9-二脱氢植物鞘氨醇（2R）-2-羟基脂肪酰胺,其脂肪酸链主要由十六,二十二,二十三,二十四和二十五烷酸组成,其中2-羟基十六碳酸组成的神经酰胺（2S,3S,4R,8E）-2-[（2R）-2-羟基棕榈酰胺]-8-十八碳烯-1,3,4-三醇为一新化合物。高锰酸钾氧化法被应用于判断单不饱和长链中双键的化置。     

The role of leaf lobation in elongation responses to shade in the rosette-forming forb Serratula tinctoria (Asteraceae)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Lobed leaves are considered selectively advantageous in conditions of high irradiance. However, most studies have involved woody species, with only a few considering the role of leaf lobation in herbaceous rosette species. In this study, it is hypothesized that, in addition to its adaptive value in high light, leaf lobation may add to the function of petioles as vertical spacers in herbaceous species in conditions of strong competition for light. METHODS: To test this hypothesis, leaf development was examined under seasonally changing natural light conditions and a field experiment was conducted in which light climate was manipulated in a wooded meadow population of Serratula tinctoria. KEY RESULTS: No changes in leaf lobation were observed in response to experimental shading or different natural light conditions. However, in tall herbaceous vegetation, plants with highly lobed leaves achieved significantly greater vertical elongation than plants with less-lobed leaves. In contrast to herbaceous shade, tree shade had no effect on leaf elongation, suggesting differential responsiveness to competition from neighbouring herbs versus overhead shade. In shading treatments, imposed shade could only be responded to by the elongation of leaves that were produced late in development. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that extensive leaf lobation can enable greater leaf elongation in response to shade from surrounding herbaceous vegetation. The different morphological responses displayed by Serratula tinctoria to different types of shade demonstrate the importance of critically assessing experimental designs when investigating phenotypic plasticity in response to shade.