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Interspecific interactions can vary within and among populations and geographic locations. This variation can subsequently
influence the evolution and coevolution of species interactions. We investigated population and geographic variation in traits
important to pollinating seed-consuming interactions between the senita cactus (Lophocereus schottii) and its obligate pollinating moth (Upiga virescens), both of which are geographically restricted to the Sonoran Desert. Female moths actively pollinate senita flowers and oviposit
onto flowers. Their larvae consume developing seeds and fruit of flowers pollinated by females. Traits important to this interaction
include fruit set from moth pollination, fruit survivorship, and costs of fruit consumption by larvae. We studied these traits
for five populations at two widely separated geographic locations. On average, 37% of flowers set fruit, 22% of flowers produced
mature fruit, and larvae consumed 25% of immature fruit pollinated by female senita moths. Senita cactus and senita moth interactions
were strongly mutualistic in all populations that we studied. Although one population had statistically lower fruit set and
fruit production than the other four, all five populations were qualitatively similar in fruit production, costs, and patterns
of fruit survivorship. Hand-pollination experiments suggested that fruit set was resource-limited in all but this one population.
Apparent pollen limitation in the one population explains the quantitative differences in fruit set and fruit survivorship
among the populations. As predicted by theory and exemplified by the senita mutualism, specialized and/or obligate interactions
vary little among populations and geographic locations.
Received: 5 March 1999 / Accepted: 25 June 1999 相似文献
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