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1.
M.M. van Katwijk D. C. R. Hermus D.J. de Jong R. M. Asmus V.N. de Jonge 《Helgoland Marine Research》2000,54(2-3):117-128
A conceptual model is proposed, describing potential Zostera marina habitats in the Wadden Sea, based on reported data from laboratory, mesocosm and field studies. Controlling factors in the
model are dynamics, degree of desiccation, turbidity, nutrients and salinity. A distinction has been made between a higher
and a lower zone of potential habitats, each suitable for different morphotypes of Z. marina. The model relates the decline of Z. marina in the Wadden Sea to increased sediment and water dynamics, turbidity, drainage of sediments (resulting in increased degree
of desiccation) and total nutrient loads during the twentieth century. The upper and lower delineation of both the higher
and the lower zone of potential Z. marina habitats appear to be determined by one or a combination of several of these factors. Environmental changes in one of these
factors will therefore influence the borderlines of the zones. The lower zone of Z. marina will be mainly affected by increased turbidity, sediment dynamics, degree of desiccation during low tide and nutrient load.
The higher zone will be affected by increases in water and sediment dynamics, desiccation rates and nutrient loads. Potential
Z. marina habitats are located above approx. –0.80 m mean sea level (when turbidity remains at the same level as in the early 1990s)
in sheltered, undisturbed locations, and preferably where some freshwater influence is present. At locations with a high,
near-marine, salinity, the nutrient load has to be low to allow the growth of Z. marina. The sediment should retain enough water during low tide to keep the plants moist. Our results suggest that the return of
Z. marina beds within a reasonable time-scale will require not only suitable habitat conditions, but also revegetation measures, as
the changes in the environment resulting from the disappearance of Z. marina may impede its recovery, and the natural import of propagules will be unlikely. Furthermore, the lower zone of Z. marina may require a genotype that is no longer found in the Wadden Sea.
Received: 26 April 1999 / Received in revised form: 15 October 1999 / Accepted: 16 October 1999 相似文献
2.
A. A. Kepel' 《Russian Journal of Marine Biology》2000,26(6):450-452
The alga Analipus japonicus (Harv.) Wynne displays a distinct seasonal pattern in its development in Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan). In winter and spring, it occurs only in the form of basal crusts, and vertical axes develop in the summer–autumn period. It reproduces mostly asexually from July to November. Algae with unilocular sporangia occur very seldom, only in June and July. 相似文献
3.
《水生昆虫》2012,34(2):45-55
Sea-skaters in the genus Halobates Eschscholtz 1822 include some of the most specialised water striders and are found in tropical and subtropical seas around the world. Even though species of Halobates occur in both the Atlantic Ocean and the Red Sea, no extant sea-skater has been reported from the Mediterranean Sea. A fossil, Halobates ruffoi Andersen et al., 1994, described from Middle–Upper Eocene (45 Ma) Italy indicates that sea skaters were present in this part of the world in the past. Other geological evidence points to dramatic changes in the Mediterranean Sea during the Tertiary and Quaternary that may have led to their later extinction. In this paper we review briefly the distribution, systematics, evolution and ecology of Halobates, and discuss the potential for the Mediterranean to be recolonised following expected environmental changes due to global warming. 相似文献
4.
L. Jerling 《Plant Ecology》1988,74(2-3):161-170
Population fluctuations ofGlaux maritima, along a transect on a Baltle sea shore meadow, were recorded between 1979 and 1983. A bimodal distribution in numbers along the transect reflects the variation in factors regulating numbers: The two maintenance systems of the species, vegetative propagation and sexual reproduction play different roles. Vegetative propagation is fast and responds quickly to variations in the environment. The seeds germinate in strongly fluctuating temperatures which are triggered by disturbances such as flooding, damaging the vegetation. 相似文献
5.
Major knowledge gaps exist with respect to light-quality regimes in the coastal-zone Strandzha Quercus frainetto (Q.f.) forest region adjoining the southern Bulgarian Black Sea. This paper presents preliminary results that help narrow these
gaps. In conjunction with leaf area index (LAI) field campaigns we undertook measurements with an array of 7 broad-band (ca
40 nm) sensors covering the range 0.40–0.94 μm, plus 1 sensor for UVB (0.297 μm peak) and 1 for photosynthetically active
radiation (PAR). Measurements focused on inside-forest shade conditions at sites 0 to ca 15 km from the Black Sea and at altitudes
up to ca 120 m above sea level. Some of the sites were also studied using a high-resolution spectroradiometer. A sequential
measuring strategy was necessary. This involves potentially large uncertainties, here addressed through estimations of the
variability around the sinusoidal course of daylight. Light-quality regimes were found to be in general support of earlier
studies of deciduous forests. Our data from the broad-band sensors and from the spectroradiometer are mutually supportive.
They indicate a stronger red-shift below Q.f. canopies than below canopies in enclaves dominated by Fagus orientalis and Pinus sylvestris. Transmission in the range 0.50–0.55 μm increases beneath the three types of canopies, most pronounced in the Q.f. case. Analysis of relationships between the inside-forest to open-field irradiance ratio and LAI supports the use of Beer’s
Law. We found a fairly strong relationship between the red (0.66 μm) to far-red (0.73 μm) irradiance ratios (R/FR) and LAI
for the Q.f. forest. In quantitative terms, the result is new for this Q.f. region, and suggests further research to explore whether a two-sensor approach (0.66 and 0.73 μm) might offer possibilities
for further low-cost mapping of the spatio-temporal patterns of R/FR and LAI in Strandzha. Such mapping would assist in further
studies of the region’s forest biogeochemistry and vitality. 相似文献
6.
7.
Long-term changes in growth and age at maturity of mackerel, Scomber scombrus L., from the North Sea
A.-L. Agnalt 《Journal of fish biology》1989,35(SA):305-311
Mean length and mean weight at age of Atlantic mackerel in the North Sea increased significantly between 1960 and 1979, then, decreased markedly during the 1980s. In contrast, median age at maturity decreased (c. 1-1.5 years) from 1960. Median length at maturity remained stable until the 1980s, when it declined sharply. The significance of these changes is discussed in relation to variation in sea temperature, food availability and stock size. It is speculated that the changes during the 1980s resulted from immigration of western stock mackerel. 相似文献
8.
The multivariate phenetic approach to the classification of Salmo spp. samples from Serbia and adjacent regions of western Balkans for 22 continuous external morphological characters suggests the occurrence of the following distinct stocks: West Danubian (Crno Osoje Stream and upper Zeta River) Salmo taleri , marble trout Salmo marmoratus (Trebuščica River), hatchery-reared Atlantic Salmo trutta , Mlava River drainage (Mlava and Krupaja rivers and Buk Stream) trout Salmo cf. trutta , Velika Morava River system (Godljevača, Bela and Resava rivers) trout S. cf. trutta , Ohrid Lake belvica Salmo ohridana and Aegean coastal drainage Salmo macedonicus (Božica River). In contrast to the phenetic similarity, the phylogenetic reconstruction places the Lake Ohrid belvica as part of an unresolved polytomy with other trout groups. Salmo cf. trutta in the Mlava River appears to form the basal group for the trout species in the region. The position of marble trout implies its independent and more recent origin from the West Danubian trout stock. 相似文献
9.
Syee Weldeab Kay-Christian EmeisChristoph Hemleben Gerhard SchmiedlHartmut Schulz 《Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology》2003,191(2):169-190
We investigated five time-equivalent core sections (180-110 kyr BP) from the Balearic Sea (Menorca Rise), the easternmost Levantine Basin and southwest, south, and southeast of Crete to reconstruct spatial patterns of productivity during deposition of sapropels S5 and S6 in the Mediterranean Sea. Our indicators are Ba, total organic carbon and carbonate contents. We found no indications of Ba remobilization within the investigated core intervals, and used the accumulation rate of biogenic Ba to compute paleoproductivity. Maximum surface water productivity (up to 350 g C/m2/yr) was found during deposition of S5 (isotope stage 5e) but pronounced spatial variability is evident. Coeval sediment intervals in the Balearic Sea show very little productivity change, suggesting that chemical and biological environments in the eastern and western Mediterranean basins were decoupled in this interval. We interpret the spatial variability as the result of two different modes of nutrient delivery to the photic zone: river-derived nutrient input and shoaling of the pycnocline/nutricline to the photic zone. The productivity increase during the formation of S6 was moderate compared to S5 and had a less marked spatial variability within the study area of the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Given that S6 formed during a glacial interval, glacial boundary conditions such as high wind stress and/or cooler surface water temperatures apparently favored lateral and vertical mixing and prevented the development of the spatial gradients within the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS) observed for S5. A non-sapropel sediment interval with elevated Ba content and depleted 18O/16O ratios in planktonic foraminifer calcite was detected between S6 and S5 that corresponds to the weak northern hemisphere insolation maximum at 150 kyr. At this time, productivity apparently increased up to five times over surrounding intervals, but abundant benthic fauna show that the deep water remained oxic. Following our interpretation, the interval denotes a failed sapropel, when a weaker monsoon did not force the EMS into permanent stratification. The comparison of interglacial and glacial sapropels illustrates the relevance of climatic boundary conditions in the northern catchment in determining the facies and spatial variability of sapropels within the EMS. 相似文献
10.
《Harmful algae》2017
This study confirms the presence of the toxigenic benthic dinoflagellates Gambierdiscus belizeanus and Ostreopsis spp. in the central Red Sea. To our knowledge, this is also the first report of these taxa in coastal waters of Saudi Arabia, indicating the potential occurrence of ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) in that region. During field investigations carried out in 2012 and 2013, a total of 100 Turbinaria and Halimeda macroalgae samples were collected from coral reefs off the Saudi Arabian coast and examined for the presence of Gambierdiscus and Ostreopsis, two toxigenic dinoflagellate genera commonly observed in coral reef communities around the world. Both Gambierdiscus and Ostreopsis spp. were observed at low densities (<200 cells g−1 wet weight algae). Cell densities of Ostreopsis spp. were significantly higher than Gambierdiscus spp. at most of the sampling sites, and abundances of both genera were negatively correlated with seawater salinity. To assess the potential for ciguatoxicity in this region, several Gambierdiscus isolates were established in culture and examined for species identity and toxicity. All isolates were morphologically and molecularly identified as Gambierdiscus belizeanus. Toxicity analysis of two isolates using the mouse neuroblastoma cell-based assay for ciguatoxins (CTX) confirmed G. belizeanus as a CTX producer, with a maximum toxin content of 6.50 ± 1.14 × 10−5 pg P-CTX-1 eq. cell−1. Compared to Gambierdiscus isolates from other locations, these were low toxicity strains. The low Gambierdiscus densities observed along with their comparatively low toxin contents may explain why CFP is unidentified and unreported in this region. Nevertheless, the presence of these potentially toxigenic dinoflagellate species at multiple sites in the central Red Sea warrants future study on their possible effects on marine food webs and human health in this region. 相似文献