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Summary The ultrastructure of the epidermal and sub-epidermal cells of the appendix of the Sauromatum guttatum inflorescence reveals developmental changes during anthesis. These changes precede, and probably make possible, heat and odor production. Two days before D-day (the day of heat production and inflorescence-opening) the mitochondria of the epidermis divide; apparent division of the amyloplasts was observed at the same time. The presence of lipid bodies and peroxisomes in the epidermis was clearly evident. On D-day, the epidermis becomes a continuous layer in which the cell walls separating two adjacent cells disappear. At the same time, in the sub-epidermal cells, the mitochondria and the amyloplasts undergo division. The mitochondria become electron-dense, and their DNA is clearly visible. On that day, lipids as well as starch are being depleted. The peroxisomes change in structure every day, from D-2 to D-day. It has also been demonstrated by histochemical techniques that during anthesis the activity of cytochrome c oxidase (3,3-diaminobenzidine as a substrate) decreases whereas the activity of NADH dehydrogenase [tetrazolium salts: nitro-blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) or neotetrazolium chloride (NT) in the presence of NADH], increases. Oxygen consumption of isolated mitochondria from the D-day appendix was inhibited in the presence of the two tetrazolium salts to a different degree: oxidation of NADH in the presence of NBT was the most sensitive to inhibition, more so than the oxidation of malate and succinate. NT was less effective as an inhibitor in the presence of those three respiratory substrates. 相似文献
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洪森荣;尹明华;王艾平 《植物研究》2013,33(6):738-745
以江西铅山红芽芋脱毒苗为试材,研究不同因素对红芽芋脱毒苗球茎愈伤组织诱导及其再生体系的影响,以期对红芽芋脱毒苗的再生体系进行优化。结果表明,红芽芋脱毒苗球茎愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基是MS+TDZ 2 mg·L-1+2,4-D 1 mg·L-1。红芽芋脱毒苗球茎愈伤组织分化的最佳培养基是MS+TDZ 2 mg·L-1+NAA 1 mg·L-1。红芽芋脱毒苗不定芽生根的最佳培养基是1/2MS+NAA 0.5 mg·L-1+PP333 0.5 mg·L-1。红芽芋再生苗最好的移栽基质为发酵后的腐锯木屑。红芽芋脱毒苗球茎愈伤组织再生苗移栽时最佳的PP333浓度为20~50 mg·L-1。本试验成功建立了红芽芋脱毒苗球茎愈伤组织的再生体系,为红芽芋脱毒苗转基因的研究和种质创新奠定了基础。 相似文献
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为了探讨芋(Colocasia esculenta(L.)Schott)试管球茎膨大期间糖类物质积累特点,以红香芋无菌试管苗为材料,研究了高浓度蔗糖诱导条件下,红香芋试管球茎形成及膨大过程中主要碳水化合物的变化规律,以及与相关酶活性的关系。结果表明:(1)在红香芋试管球茎膨大过程中,果糖、葡萄糖和总可溶性糖含量均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,果糖含量在诱导至第27天时达到最大值,而总可溶性糖和葡萄糖含量均在第34天达到峰值;蔗糖含量呈现先上升、后下降、再上升的变化趋势,在培养第48天时积累量达到最大值。(2)红香芋试管球茎总淀粉含量、直链和支链淀粉含量均随培养时间的延长而增加,至膨大后期总淀粉含量达到最大值,淀粉总含量约占干重的76%,并以支链淀粉含量为主。(3)解剖学观察发现,随着试管球茎的形成与膨大,贮藏组织中淀粉粒密度不断增大,至球茎膨大后期,淀粉粒布满薄壁细胞,并且处于比较稳定的水平。(4)诱导培养至第41天时,试管球茎的ADPG焦磷酸化酶和Q-酶活性均达到最大值,分别为1.22和2.39μmol·g~(-1)·min~(-1)。相关性分析发现,从茎基部开始膨大(20d)至ADPG焦磷酸化酶和Q-酶活性达峰值(41d)时,ADPG焦磷酸化酶活性与总淀粉含量、Q-酶活性与支链淀粉含量的相关系数分别为0.819和0.738,二者均呈极显著正相关。研究认为,淀粉的积累以及可溶性糖类含量的变化与红香芋试管球茎的膨大发育密切相关,并受到相关酶的调控。 相似文献
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芋侧球茎发生发育的形态学机理 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
观察了魁芋和多子芋腋芽、侧球茎发生发育的形态学变化规律,分析了主球茎顶芽和不同发育期腋芽中蛋白质的组成。结果表明,魁芋每一叶轮上腋芽数目为1;多子芋为3或3个以上,其中一个体积较大。魁芋侧球茎发育初期伸长的速度大于增粗,首先形成圆柱型,然后顶端膨大形成体积很小的侧球茎。多子芽腋芽伸的同时茎部明显变粗,首先形成圆锥型,然后发育成品种特有的形状。根据发育进程将腋芽发育分成AB1-AB9个时期,将主球茎 相似文献
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光镜、电镜下观察了天南星科天南星族下斑龙芋属2 个种及近缘属13 个种植物的叶表皮形态特征。实验结果显示, 4 属植物的叶表皮组成及其形态特征较相似, 属间不存在明显差异, 但某些特征在种间存在差异, 可作为种的鉴别特征。叶表皮特征支持将单籽犁头尖和昆明犁头尖两个种合并为一个种。15 个种的气孔器均具有2 个副卫细胞, Stebbins and Khush 认为这是气孔器类型中较具2 个以上副卫细胞更进化的一种类型, 而天南星科大多数族的气孔器都具有2 个以上的副卫细胞, 这也证明了天南星族是天南星科较进化的族。 相似文献
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Sporophytes appeared on most gametophytes of Thelypteris palustris (Salisb.) Schott that reached a certain size, which is interpreted to be a critical size of gametophytes for the production of sporophytes. After sporophytes were produced, attached gametophytes ceased dry weight growth, but the gametophytes which did not produce sporophytes grew successively. It was hypothesized that matter produced by gametophytes was being supplied to young sporophytes. Photosynthesis and respiration of gametophytes with attached sporophytes were not significantly different from that of gametophytes without sporophytes. Photosynthetic activity of gametophytes dropped from 0.18 to 0.03 mol CO2 g–1 s–1 during the growth period. The higher photosynthetic rates of gametophytes in the early growth stage were important for reaching the critical size for sporophyte production in a short time. Sporophytes in the one leaf stage averaged 0.14 mol CO2 g–1 s–1 of photosynthetic activity. The results show that sporophytes that had expanded the first leaf grow by their own photosynthetic production. Gametophytes allocated the photosynthate for sporophytes and it was an important aid before the one-leaf stage. The supportive role of gametophytes ended at that stage. 相似文献
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Harumi Sakai Kaeko Kamide Susumu Morigasaki Yukika Sanada Keishiro Wada Masaaki Ihara 《Journal of plant research》1994,107(3):299-305
The amino acid sequences of ferredoxins (Fd A and Fd B) from Japanese taro (Colocasia esculenta Schott) were determined. They consisted of single polypeptide chains of 98 residues, and both Fds had molecular masses of
10700 and 10500, respectively. There was a 92% homology between the sequences of the isoproteins (Fd A and Fd B). These sequences
were compared with those of the closely related plant Fds and their phylogenetic tree was constructed. Two ferredoxin isoproteins
from Hawaiian taro (Colocasia esculenta Schott) were also isolated and their N-terminal sequences were determined to be identical to those of Japanese taro. 相似文献