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1.
The karyotypes of 3 species of Roegneria and 2 species of Kengyilia were
analysed in this paper. They are all reported for the first time, and the karyotype
formulae are as follows: R. nutans, 2n = 4X= 28 = 26m+ 2sm; R. abolinii, 2n = 4X
=28 = 24m + 4sm; R. aristiglumis, 2n = 6X = 42 = 32m + 10sm (2sat); K. tahelacana
2n = 6X = 42 = 36m (2sat)+6sm (2sat); K. zhoasuensis, 2n = 6X= 42 = 34m(4sat)+ 8sm.
According to the characters of karyotypes, K. tahelacana and K. zhoasuensis havethe S, Y, P genomes of genus Kengyilia. 相似文献
2.
3.
为探讨大鹅观草(Roegneria grandis,2n=4x=28)的染色体组组成,为其正确的分类处理提供细胞学依据。该研究通过人工远缘杂交,成功获得3株大鹅观草与蛇河披碱草(Elymus wawawaiensis,2n=4x=28)属间杂种F1植株。杂种植株形态介于两亲本之间,不育。亲本及杂种经I2-IK溶液染色后进行花粉育性检测,结果显示Roegneria grandis和Elymus wawawaiensis的花粉可育,育性高达94.6%和90.5%;杂种F1不育。花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I染色体配对结果显示,亲本花粉母细胞配对正常,均形成14个二价体,以环状二价体为主,Roegneria grandis有频率很低(0.04/细胞)的单价体出现;杂种F1平均每个花粉母细胞形成6.46个二价体,变化范围为5~8;在观察的83个花粉母细胞中,有35.2%的花粉母细胞形成了7个二价体,形成6个二价体的细胞占42.59%,较少细胞形成8个二价体;平均每个细胞形成14.66个单价体,变化范围为10~18;平均每细胞观察到0.14个三价体;杂种花粉母细胞染色体构型为14.66 I+6.46 II+0.14 III;平均每细胞交叉数为9.83,C值为0.35。结果表明:(1)R.grandis与Elymus wawawaiensis有一组染色体组同源的St染色体组,另外一组染色体组不是St或者H染色体组,Roegneria grandis的染色体组组成不是St Stg;(2)较低频率的三价体(平均0.14个/细胞),可能是由于R.grandis的St和Y染色体组间具有一定的同源性,也可能是染色体易位等原因导致,对于Y染色体组的起源还需深入地研究;(3)在不同地理来源的披碱草属和鹅观草属物种中St染色体组同源性不同,R.grandis与来自于北美的Elymus lanceolatus与E.wawawaiensis的St染色体组较与分布于亚洲的E.sibiricus和E.caninus的St染色体组同源性反而更高,其原因还需要进一步地研究。 相似文献
4.
鹅观草属五个类群的核型与进化 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
报道了鹅观草属5个类群的核型,即长芒鹅观草,核型2n=4x=28=22m+6sm(2SAT);短颖鹅观草,核型2n=4x=28=20m(2SAT)+8sm(2SAT);短柄鹅观草,核型2n=4x=28=22m(2SAT)+6sm;纤毛鹅观草,核型2n=4x=28=20m+8sm(4SAT);毛盘鹅观草,核型2n=4x=28=18m+6sm(4SAT)+4st。同时,通过核型重要性状的递变分析,揭示了鹅观草属5个类群的相对进化程度以及宏观分类中4个组的系统发育关系,表明鹅观草属的半颖组在系统发育中可能既派生了颖体短小的小颖组,又派生了颖体长大的大颖组和长颖组。 相似文献
5.
拟鹅观草属6种2亚种和鹅观草属3种植物的核型研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
对拟鹅观草属Pseudoroegneria 6种2亚种和鹅观草属Roegneria 3种植物的核型进行了研究,核型公式如下:P. spicata (Pursh) A. Lve,2n=2x=14=12m (2sat)+2sm; P. strigosa ssp. aegilopoides (Drobov) A. Lve,2n=2x=14=12m (2sat)+2sm; P. libanotica (Hackel) A. Lve,2n=2x=14=10m+4sm (4sat); P. stipifolia 相似文献
6.
利用RAPD分析披碱草属、鹅观草属和猬草属模式种的亲缘关系 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对小麦族披碱草属、鹅观草属和猬草属3个属的模式种进行了基因组DNA多态性分析。42个引物产物的290条谱带中,257条(88.62%)表现出多态性,说明披碱草属、鹅观草属和猬草属3个属的模式种间具有丰富的遗传多样性。利用290个RAPD标记,计算材料间Nei氏遗传相似性系和遗传距离,在NTSYS程序中利用UPGMA进行聚类。结果表明,Elymus sibiricus种不同居群间的遗传差异较小,遗传距离在0.097-0.180之间。E.sibiricus,Roegneria caucasica和Hystrix patula的种间遗传差异明显,遗传距离在0.458-0.605之间。H.patula与E.sibiricus的亲缘关系较近。R.caucasica与E.sibiricus的亲缘关系较远。 相似文献
7.
小麦族披碱草属、鹅观草属和猬草属模式种的C带研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
采用改良的Giemsa C带技术,分析了小麦族披碱草属、鹅观草属和猬草属模式种的染色体C带带型。Elymus sibiricus、Roegneria caucasica和Hysrix patula的染色体在Giemsa C带带型上存在明显的差异,显示了这3个属模式种的物种特异性。3个模式种的Giemsa C带核型表明,C带带纹主要分布在染色体的末端和着丝粒附近,而中间带相对较少。对E.sibiricus、R.caucasica和H.patula的St、H、Y染色体组C带带型与其它物种的St、H、Y染色体组C带带型的差异进行了讨论。 相似文献
8.
Molecular cytogenetic characterization of Roegneria ciliaris chromosome additions in common wheat 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
X. E. Wang P. D. Chen D. J. Liu P. Zhang B. Zhou B. Friebe B. S. Gill 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2001,102(5):651-657
The development of alien addition lines is important both for transferring useful genes from related species into common wheat and for studying the relationship between alien chromosomes and those of wheat. Roegneria ciliaris (2n=4x=28, ScScYcYc) is reported to be a potential source of resistance to wheat scab, which may be useful in wheat improvement. The amphiploid common wheat-R. ciliaris and BC1F7 or BC2F6 derivatives were screened by C-banding, genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for the presence of R. ciliaris chromatin introgressed into wheat. Six lines were identified as disomic chromosome additions (DA), one as a ditelosomic addition (Dt), two as double disomic additions (dDA) and one as a monosomic chromosome addition (MA). RFLP analysis using wheat homoeologous group-specific clones indicated that the R. ciliaris chromosomes involved in these lines belong to groups 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7. The genomic affinities of the added R. ciliaris chromosomes were determined by FISH analysis using the repetitive sequence pCbTaq4.14 as a probe. These data suggest that the R. ciliaris chromosomes in five lines belong to the Sc genome. Based on the molecular cytogenetic data, the lines are designated as DA2Sc#1, Dt2Sc#1L, DA3Sc#1, dDA1Sc#2+5Yc#1, DA5Yc#1, DA7Sc#1, DA7Yc#1 and MA?Yc#1. Based on the present and previous work, 8 of the 14 chromosomes of R. ciliaris have been transferred into wheat. 相似文献
9.
为了将纤毛鹅观草Z1010对黄矮病毒株系PAV和RPV的抗性基因转入普通小麦,通过幼胚拯救,获得了纤毛鹅观草Z1010×普通小麦品种莱州953的杂种F1,以及用5个普通小麦品种(系)回交的BC1衍生系。对杂种F1及BC1植株的细胞学分析表明,纤毛鹅观草Z1010不仅对Ph基因具有很强的抑制作用,而且能使杂种F1形成未减数配子,对细胞遗传学资料的进一步分析认为,通过部分同源染色体间的交换将纤毛鹅观草Z1010的抗黄矮病基因转入小麦是可能的。 相似文献
10.
The intergeneric hybrids between Roegneria kamoji Ohwi and Dasypyrum villosum (L.)Candargy were successfully obtained by means of embryo culture in vitro. Studies
on morphology, fertility and chromosome pairing behavior in meiosis of the parents and their
hybrid Fl were carried out in the present work. The results showed that: (1) there were ob vious morphological differences between R. kamoji and D. villosum, and spikes of Fl
plants were morphologically intermediate between the two parental species; (2) the seed set
of the cross was 11.63%; the hybrid plant was infertile, which indicated that strong repro ductive isolation existed between the parents and R. kamoji and D. villosum were inde pendent biological species; (3) The somatic chromosome number in root-tips of Fl hybrids
was 28. Chromosome pairing at MI of PMCs in Fl hybrids was quite low. The meiotic con figuration was 26.72 Ⅰ + 0.62 Ⅱ + 0.02 Ⅲ, which indicated that very low homoeology
was detected between the St, H, Y genomes of R. kamoji and the V genome of D. villo- sum, and the relationship between the parental species was remote. 相似文献