当今的盘菌系统学:概述子囊菌亚门中一个单囊壁类群的某些悬而未决的问题

将盘菌纲系统学研究继续下去的两个优先考虑的问题是:必须将传统的α-分类方法与广泛的标本采集工作相结合,尤其是在世界上很少采集的地区;同时,研究盘菌和地衣化子囊菌之间的相互关系,并注意各个目与科之间的可能联系。新白水盘菌(Leucovibrissea)是从组的等级上升为属的,它与另外两个属共同组成了锤舌菌目的新科水盘菌科(Vibrisseaceae)。本文还讨论了某些类群的系统学研究现状,并提出了一些目前没有答案但看来是基础的生物学问题。     

采自中国西南地区的地锤菌属两新种

基于形态特征和此前发表的DNA序列数据,本文报道了地锤菌属Cudonia的2个新种,它们采自中国东喜马拉雅和横断山的亚高山地区。棒状地锤菌C. claviformis具子实层的部分鲜黄色、棒状,菌柄污白色至淡褐色、光滑。鳞柄地锤菌C. furfuracea具子实层的部分头状、鲜黄色,菌柄被污白色至淡褐色糠麸状鳞片。两种真菌都生长于杜鹃和柳树组成的矮灌丛下苔藓丛中。     

Lophodermium pini-mugonis sp. nov. on needles of Pinus mugo from the Alps based on morphological and molecular data

Lophodermium pini-mugonis, collected on needles of Pinus mugo from German Alps, is described as a species new to science. It is characterized by subcuticular ascomata with a wrinkled surface and a somewhat untidy outline, a complex structure of lip cells, and ellipsoidal conidia. An analysis of the internal transcribed spaces of rDNA showed that Lophodermium pini-mugonis is, sister to Lophodermium autumnale and distantly related to other Lophodermium species on pines. The hypothesis of cospeciation of Lophodermium species with members of the Pinaceae is discussed.     

斑痣盘菌科一新种——坛状散斑壳(英文)

报道了一个采自天目杜鹃Rhododendron fortunei落叶上的斑痣盘菌科一新种——坛状散斑壳Lophodermium urniforme。它区别于近似种的主要特征为成熟子囊果呈坛状、具发达且外翻的唇、分生孢子器为不规则下皮下生。研中提供了该种的描述、子实体的外表与内部结构的照片及形态图和讨研。模式标本保藏于安徽农业大学森林菌物标本室(AAUF)。     

Two new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lirula</Emphasis> on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Abies</Emphasis> from Japan

Two new species of Lirula (L. japonica and L. exigua) on Abies mariesii collected in subalpine areas of northern Japan are described as members of Rhytismatales, Discomycetes. Lirula japonica causes needle cast in fir, but L. exigua seems to occur on the needles of physically damaged twigs. Morphological characteristics of both species are discussed.     

华山松上的斑痣盘菌

根据作者野外调查、室内研究以及查阅有关文献获得的数据,发现我国华山松Pinus armandii上斑痣盘菌科Rhytismataceae菌物6属18种,其中玉龙舟皮盘菌Ploioderma yulongense为一新种。文中对新种进行了描述、图解和讨论,编制了18个种的检索表,讨论了华山松上斑痣盘菌的生态习性及致病性。     

中国北部地区松生斑痣盘菌分类研究

近年作者对我国北部12省(自治区、直辖市)松属(Pinus L.)植物上的斑痣盘菌目(Rhytismatales)真菌进行了分类研究。本文报道3属15种,其中连合散斑壳(Lophodermium confluens Lin,Hou & W.F.Zheng)是新种,斯塔雷散斑壳(Lophodermium staleyi Minter)为中国新记录种,小环绵盘菌[Cyclaneusma minus(Butin)DiCosmo,Peredo & Minter]和华山松舟皮盘菌(Ploioderma pini-armandii Hou et S.Q.Liu)等其余种为国内已知种。编制了分种检索表。对新种进行了拉丁文、汉文描述和图解,对新记录种的主要特点以及已知种的寄主国内外新记录、国内地理新分布和生态习性等分别作了记载。     

Three ascomycetes on leaves of evergreen Ilex trees from Japan: Rhytisma ilicis-integrae sp. nov., R. ilicis-latifoliae, and R. ilicis-pedunculosae sp. nov.

Three species belonging to the genus Rhytisma causing tar spot were collected on leaves in evergreen trees of Ilex species from Japan. Rhytisma ilicis-latifoliae, the known species, is found on Ilex latifolia, and R. ilicis-integrae sp. nov. and R. ilicis-pedunculosae sp. nov. are found on I. integra and I. pedunculosa, respectively. Ascomata are formed on the abaxial part of the stromata in all the Rhytisma species studied, and spermogonia are formed on the amphigenous parts in R. ilicis-latifoliae and on the adaxial part in R. ilicis-integrae and R. ilicis-pedunculosae. Shape and size of asci, ascospores, and spermatia are distinctly different among the three species. The morphology of germination tubes from ascospores and appressoria is unique for each Rhytisma species. Yellowish spots arise on the newly developing leaves in mid-May, then abundant spermatia are produced in spermogonia in the three Rhytisma species. In the next year, ascospores are produced in ascomata from early April to late May in R. ilicis-integrae and from early April to early June in R. ilicis-latifoliae and R. ilicis-pedunculosae, and they are considered to be the inocula of disease infection.     

中国北部地区一些针叶树生斑痣盘菌

本文报道我国北部地区针叶树生斑痣盘菌目(Rhytismatales)真菌6属13种。其中哈尔滨散斑壳(Lophodermium harbinense Y.R.Lin)是新种,秋散斑壳(L.autumnale Darker)和雪松散斑壳(L.cedrinum Maire)为中国新记录种,其余诸种国内曾有过记录。对新种作了拉丁文、汉文描述及图解,对新记录种进行了简要记述,并记载了已知种的寄主新记录和地理新分布。     

小双梭孢盘菌属一新种

本文报道发生在蕨类植物芒其上的斑痣盘菌目一新种,即异常小双梭孢盘菌(Bifusella anomala Y. R. Lin)。该种以其略呈三、二纺锤形至近线形的子囊孢子,明显区别于小双梭孢盘菌属的其它成员。模式标本保藏于安徽农业大学森林保护教研室。