Révision systématiquedu genre Sphenorhynchia Buckman, 1918 (Brachiopoda,rhynchonellidae): Implications taxonomiques, évolution,biostratigraphie

A lot of numerous rhynchonellid shells referedto the main species of genus SphenorhynchiaBuckman have been sampled in stratigraphically well-defined beds of Dogger period in the Mâconnais and in the Jura (France). Here, morphologic and anatomic characters and variability of S. plicatella, S. matisconensis, S. bugeysiaca, S. ferryi and S. dominula are studied.The main interest of this revision is to establish a complete diagnosis of the genus, not studied since its creation in 1918, with very limited knowledge of the internal structures. The settlement of this diagnosis is based on the type-species, S. plicatella, sometimes a little «unconventional form (beak, outline of the young shells, orientation of dental lamellae, delthyrial cavity), and also on the other species' characters. So, I expect that a later diagnosis will be avoided.Other advantages are observations on the taxonomic place of Sphenorhynchia in the RhynchonellidaeGray (in the TetrarhynchiinaeAger rather than in the CyclothyridinaeMakridin), on its evolution in the course of the Dogger period and the establishment of the biostratigraphy of its main species.     

Biostratigraphical value of some Strunian (Devonian, uppermost Famennian) Productidina, Rhynchonellida, Spiriferida, Spiriferinida brachiopods

The space of Devonian time considered in this paper corresponds to the uppermost part of the Famennian or the latest Famennian as a fourfold subdivision of the stage, usually called by many authors Strunian in neritic facies and Wocklumeria Stufe or Wocklumian in pelagic facies. Here, we examine the biostratigraphical value of certain brachiopod genera and species as bio-markers of the uppermost Famennian throughout the world (Europe, the former USSR, Middle East, Asia, North America, North Africa, and Australia). We have focused our study for species which stratigraphical range has been firmly established in correlation with the conodont biozones (Upper expansa, Early, Middle and Late praesulcata), the ammonoid biozones (do VI = “Wocklumeria Stufe”), or the foraminifera biozones (kobeitusana Zone). Other data for which the stratigraphical range is not based on standard biozonation are provided in the annex. The brachiopod bio-markers discussed in this paper belong to 14 Productidina genera (Acanthatia, Araksalosia, Ericiata, Hamlingella, Mesoplica, Nigerinoplica, Orbinaria, Ovatia, Rugauris, Semiproductus, Sentosia, Spinocarinifera, Steinhagella, Whidbornella), 7 Rhynchonellida genera (Araratella, Centrorhynchus, Hadyrhyncha, Megalopterorhynchus, Novaplatirostrum, Rozmanaria, Tchanakhtchirostrum), 13 Spiriferida genera (Brachythyris, Cyrtospirifer, Dichospirifer, Eochoristites, Imbrexia, Parallelora, Prospira, Rigauxia, Sphenospira, Tenisia, Toryniferella, Tylothyris, Voiseyella) and one Spiriferinida genus (Syringothyris). Other orders have not been studied in this paper. The main features of the uppermost Famennian brachiopod taxa represented in this paper are commented. All these taxa are listed as completely as possible throughout the world (with complements in the annex). A quick summary of the geographic distribution of the more represented taxa is given in conclusion.     

Deux nouveaux genres de Rhynchonellides frasniens précédemment inclus dans le genre Calviaria (Brachiopoda)

The genus CalvinariaStainbrook, 1945 is beingsubdivided by the writer into the following two new genera: Plionoptycherhynchus n. gen. based on the type species P. exformosus n. gen., n. sp., and Lateralatirostrum n. gen. based on the type species L. athabascense (Kindle, 1924).These type species are proposed as indices ofzones in the upper part of the lower Frasnian stage.The writer wishes to point out the doubtful validity of palaeogeographic reconstructions undertaken on the basis of too comprehensively, and consequently poorly, defined genera. In this connection he points out that the form occuring in the Ardennes and attributed to Eifelian species Terebratula formosaSchnur, 1851 belongs actually to a different genus and species and is of a different age.     

Étude morphologique et anatomiquede Rhynchonelloidea ruthenensis (Reynès, 1868) justification de la distinction des genres Rhynchonelloidea Buckman, 1914 et Homoeorhynchia Buckman, 1914 (Brachiopoda)

In the course of researches on the fauna of «calcaires bajociens á bryozoaires of Aveyron départment (France), numerous collects of shells named Rhynchonelloidea ruthenensis (Reynès), type-species of genus RhynchonelloideaBuckman, in two localities enabled to do a morphologic study of this species with populations analysis. Internal characters have been shown both by serial sections and by direct observation of dissected shells. A comparison of genus Rhynchonelloidea and Homoeorhynchia, till now either distinct or considered synonymous according to authors, has been realised. Internal characters of Homoeorhynchia acuta (Sow.) have been precised. The two genus are distinct by beak and foramen's characters, by presence or lack of costulation on the beak and dorsal umbo, by the number of ribs, by presence or lack of septalium and by the development of median dorsal septum.The stratigraphical range of R. ruthenensis is:Upper Toarcian, Aalensis zone-Lower Aalenian, Opalinum zone.     

New species and biostratigraphic significance of middle Palaeozoic brachiopod genus Linguopugnoides Havliček

Linguopugnoides Havli?ek 1960, originally based on 3 Early Devonian (Lochkovian‐Pragian) species from the Czech Republic, is now construed as embracing at least 25 species distributed over all northern hemisphere continents as well as Australia, and extending from late Llandovery to early Emsian. Species‐diversity peaked during the Lochkovian when the genus was widespread, with 15 species having been reported. Four species are described as new. L. praecarens sp.nov. from the latest Silurian (Pridoli) of the Turkestan Range (South Tien Shan) is considered to be ancestral to the numerous, mainly late Lochkovian‐Pragian forms that appeared during the great diversification of the genus during the early Devonian. Three new species are described from the Lochkovian of the Zeravshan Range, Uzbekistan: L. rectiplicatus, L. diversiplicatus as well as the previously figured but not described L. kimi Rzhonsnitskaya. Species of Linguopugnoides have biostratigraphic and biogeographic significance and have obvious value for inter‐regional correlation.     

Deux nouvelles espèces de brachiopodes rhynchonelliformes de l’Albien stratotypique (Bassin de Paris) – mise au point

Two new Rhynchonellide brachiopods from the Albian stratotype region (Paris Basin) (Dipoloceas cristatum zone), analyzed according to their external morphology and internal characters completed by the observation of their corresponding microstructure, are set apart from a cluster of specimens previously recognized as Rhynchonella sulcata d’Orbigny. They correspond to Lamellaerhynchia carronensis n. sp. (Cyclothyrididae) and Burrirhynchia albiensis n. sp. (Tetrarhynchiidae) brought up and described in this context, in respect to the demand of the amended article 8.6 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. This article concerns works published after 1999 which does not make use of printing edition. Therefore, these two species previously figured by Gaspard (2010a, paper version) then described and figured by Gaspard (2010b) in a joint CD-ROM of the collective edition entitled “Stratotype Albien”, will be definitively available in this printing version.