Flavanol glucosides from rhubarb and Rhaphiolepis umbellata

Investigations of rhubarb and the bark of Rhaphiolepis umbellata led to the isolation of new flavan-3-ol glucosides. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of ¹H and ¹³C NMR analysis hydrolytic studies as (+)-catechin 5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside and (?)-catechin 7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside.     

百草枯中毒大鼠TNF-a、IL-10的表达及大黄保护作用的研究

目的：观察大黄对急性百草枯中毒大鼠TNF-α、IL-10的干预作用,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：90只SD大鼠随机分为生理盐水对照组（A组）、PQ（60 mg/kg）灌胃染毒组（B组）、生大黄（300mg/kg.d）干预组（C组）,每组30只。中毒后6h、24h、72h分批处死存活的大鼠,并且检测大鼠血浆TNF-α、IL-10水平。结果：B组、C组TNF-α、IL-10水平在染毒后6h开始升高,72h达到高峰,与A组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05、P〈0.01）,在相同时间点C组TNF-α和IL-10的表达低于B组,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。B组、C组血浆TNF-α、IL-10水平与中毒时间呈显著正性相关关系（r=0.849,P〈0.01;r=0.790,P〈0.01;r=0.0.943,P〈0.01;r=0.892,P〈0.01）。结论：大黄能够通过降低百草枯中毒大鼠体内的TNF-α、IL-10水平,减轻百草枯对大鼠的损伤作用     

Antimicrobial constituents from the rhizomes of Rheum emodi

The bioassay-guided chemical examination of the rhizomes of R. emodi resulted in the isolation of two new oxanthrone esters, revandchinone-1, revandchinone-2, a new anthraquinone ether revandchinone-3 and a new oxanthrone ether, revandchinone-4. Their structures were established based on spectroscopic and degradative evidence. Occurrence of oxanthrone ether is reported for the first time. The anti bacterial and anti fungal activity of the isolates is studied.     

ITS2 barcode for identifying the officinal rhubarb source plants from its adulterants

Officinal rhubarb, the dried root and rhizome of Rheum officinale Baill., Rh. palmatum L., and Rh. tanguticum (Maxim. ex Regel) Maxim. ex Balf. of Polygonaceae family, is one of the most well-known and important traditional Chinese medicines. The growing herbal market has led to the introduction of adulterants, and difficulties in morphological based discrimination has also resulted in concerns over consumer safety. ITS2 as a potential barcode was employed to discriminate officinal rhubarb sampled from the entire distribution range and its adulterants. The minimum K2P interspecific distance between officinal rhubarb source plants and the adulterants were higher than the maximum K2P intraspecific distance within the officinal rhubarb source plants. When the phylogenetic trees were constructed by neighbor joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian methods, all Rheum species were grouped into one clade, while Polygonum and Rumex species were clustered in another clade. In the Rheum clade, all the officinal rhubarb source plants constituted a distinct subclade, while other Rheum species formed other subclades. Our results suggested that the ITS2 region is a more suitable and accurate DNA barcode for distinguishing officinal rhubarb source plants from their adulterants.     

大黄治疗急性百草枯中毒的作用研究

目的:通过观察PQ中毒患者SOD、TNF-α、IL-6、PaO2、PaCO2、BUN和Cr水平,及血浆PQ浓度的变化,旨在探讨大黄在治疗PQ中毒中的作用。方法:36例急性百草枯中毒患者随机分为对照组(n=15)和治疗组(n=21),所有患者均给予常规治疗,对照组应用甘露醇导泻,治疗组应用生大黄混悬液导泻,采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测所有患者血清SOD、TNF-α、IL-6水平,高效液相色谱法(High Performance Liquid Chromatography,HPLC)测定患者血浆PQ浓度,并测定PaO2、PaCO2、BUN和Cr。结果:治疗组患者第1、3、7天PaO2、SOD水平显著高于对照组,PaCO2、BUN、Cr、TNF-α、IL-6水平和PQ浓度亦较对照组均显著降低(P0.05)。结论:大黄可降低PQ中毒患者血中PQ浓度,抑制TNF-α、IL-6的表达,明显升高SOD的水平,改善PQ中毒患者肺、肾功能。     

小胆管上皮细胞体积量化在实验性黄疸模型中意义的探讨

目的　探讨异硫氰酸 1-萘脂 (ANIT)所致黄疸时 ,量化小胆管上皮细胞体积的意义及与机能的关系。方法　在以ANIT所致大鼠黄疸模型上的大黄退黄疸研究中 ,通过空白组、大黄 ANIT组和ANIT组 ,观察小胆管上皮细胞在不同条件下的体积变化 ,与显示组织细胞机能的肝肠通过时间、肝细胞摄取指数、胆汁分泌量、丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性、总胆红素和甘胆酸含量之间的关系进行了方差与逐步回归分析。结果　方差显示各项目的组间 ,除肝肠通过时间与胆汁分泌量为空白组与大黄 ANIT组之间无差异外 ,余均有显著的统计学意义。量化的小胆管上皮细胞体积的变化与各项机能变化具有复相关 ,与肝肠通过时间和肝细胞摄取指数呈偏相关 ,有极显著的统计学意义。结论　小胆管上皮细胞的变性是ANIT所致黄疸的病理学基础 ,量化小胆管上皮细胞能以数字阐述这种组织形态变化。大黄 ANIT组的统计学结果揭示了大黄的药理特性 ,因此试验中多角度设置项目有着重要意义。     

过量大黄对小鼠肝脏细胞的毒性作用

目的探讨不同剂量的大黄对小鼠肝脏细胞的损伤及其机理,为大黄的安全用药提供理论依据。方法采用大、中、小、最小剂量的大黄灌胃昆明小鼠,观察一般状态,进行肝脏组织切片HE染色、酶指标生化检测及TNFαmRNA半定量检测。结果①小鼠一般状况随大黄剂量的增加而恶化。②小鼠ALT及γ-GT随大黄剂量增加而增高,除正常对照组和最小剂量组外,其余各组之间差异均达显著水平。③从小剂量组开始,小鼠肝脏出现脂肪变性,且随大黄剂量增加而加重。④从小剂量组开始,TNFα表达明显升高,且随大黄剂量增加而增高。结论8g/Kg/d剂量大黄对肝脏具有毒害作用,毒害作用随大黄剂量增加而加剧,过量大黄对肝脏的毒害作用主要表现为肝细胞脂肪变性。TNFα参与了过量大黄对肝脏的毒害过程,是造成肝细胞脂肪变性的损伤因子之一。     

Development of 10 microsatellite loci for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rheum tanguticum</Emphasis> (Polygonaceae)

Rhubarb is an important Traditional Chinese Medicine. However, the wild resource has been declining. In order to design appropriate conservation methods for the official species across their natural distributions, it is important to characterize their genetic diversity. Here, we describe the development of 10 new microsatellite loci for AC/TG/CCA in Rheum tanguticum. The microsatellites were enriched using the combined biotin capture method. The polymorphism of each locus was further assessed in 12 individuals from four geographically distinct populations of this species. The number of alleles ranged from three to seven and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.53 to 0.73. All markers have been checked in the other three species in the genus and two of them together comprise the official medicinal rhubarb resource with R. tanguticum. These microsatellite markers could provide a useful tool for genetic and conservation studies of the rhubarb species.     

Development of an efficient callus proliferation system for Rheum coreanum Nakai,a rare medicinal plant growing in Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

A clonal mass propagation to obtain mountainous sources of Rheum coreanum Nakai, a rare medicinal plant in Democratic People’s Republic of Korea was established by rhizome tissue culture. Whole plants were selected and collected as a vigorous individual free from blights and harmful insects among wild plants of R. coreanum grown on the top of Mt. Langrim (1.540 m above the sea) situated at the northern extremity of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Induction of the callus was determined using four organs separated from the whole plant and different plant growth regulators. The callus was successfully induced from rhizome explant on MS medium containing 2.4-D (0.2–0.3 mg/l). In the MS medium supplemented with a combination of BAP (2 mg/l) and NAA (0.2 mg/l), single NAA (0.5 mg/l), or IBA (0.5 mg/l), a higher number of shoot, root and plantlets was achieved. The survival rate on the mountainous region of the plantlets successfully acclimatized (100%) in greenhouse reached 95%, and yields of crude drug and contents of active principles were higher than those obtained by sexual and vegetative propagation. This first report of R. coreanum tissue culture provides an opportunity to control extinction threats and an efficient callus proliferation system for growing resources rapidly on a large scale.     

生大黄保留灌肠对重症急性胰腺炎患者胃肠激素和炎症反应的影响

目的:探讨生大黄保留灌肠对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者胃肠激素和炎症反应的影响。方法:选取2012年1月～2017年1月间我院收治的SAP患者110例,采用随机数字表法将患者分为对照组(n=55)和研究组(n=55),对照组给予常规西医治疗,研究组在对照组基础上给予生大黄保留灌肠治疗,比较两组临床疗效、临床指标改善情况、炎症因子、血淀粉酶以及胃肠激素水平。结果:研究组治疗后的临床总有效率为74.55%(41/55),高于对照组患者的54.55%(30/55)(P0.05)。研究组肠道功能恢复时间、全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)消退时间、住院天数均短于对照组,研究组并发症发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血淀粉酶水平均降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗后胃动素(MTL)、胆囊收缩素(CCK)水平升高,血管活性肠肽(VIP)水平降低(P0.05),研究组治疗后MTL、CCK水平高于对照组,VIP水平低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:生大黄保留灌肠治疗SAP患者疗效确切,可减轻炎症反应,改善患者血淀粉酶水平及胃肠道功能,促进患者恢复。