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本文报道了我国地下真菌3个新种和2个新记录,它们是:太原块菌Tuber taiyuanense Liu sp.nov.,苍岩山层腹菌Hymenogaster cangyan-shanensis Liu sp.nov.,山西须腹菌Rhizopogon shanxiensis Liu sp.nov.,棱孢层腹菌Hymenogaster fusisporus(Massee et Rodway)G.H.Cunningham以及小硬皮腹菌Sclerogaster minor Coker et Coudl。 相似文献
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Colpaert JV Adriaensen K Muller LA Lambaerts M Faes C Carleer R Vangronsveld J 《Mycorrhiza》2005,15(8):628-634
Zn pollution has triggered evolution for adaptive Zn tolerance in populations of Suilloid ectomycorrhizal fungi. The objectives
of this study were to determine differential physiological responses that are linked to the Zn tolerance trait and to obtain
more insight in the general mechanism responsible for the differential growth in Zn-enriched medium. Therefore, we identified
intrinsic growth rates and element profiles in Zn-sensitive and Zn-tolerant genotypes. Isolates from Zn-polluted and unpolluted
sites were exposed in vitro to increasing Zn2+ stress. The Zn concentration which inhibits growth by 50% (EC50) was determined, and element (Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Mg, Ca and P) profiles in the mycelia were analysed. The intraspecific variation
in growth rate and nutrient content of the in vitro grown mycelia is great and was not reduced in Zn-tolerant populations.
The Zn resistance was not correlated to the intrinsic mycelial growth rate of the isolates or to the concentrations of the
elements analysed, except for Zn. At low external Zn, Zn-resistant genotypes had lower Zn concentrations than sensitive isolates.
At high external Zn, the differential Zn accumulation pattern between resistant and sensitive isolates became very prominent.
Zn-exclusion mechanisms are most likely involved in the naturally selected adaptive Zn resistance. Other mechanisms of Zn
detoxification such as sequestration of Zn on cell wall compounds or intracellular chelation and/or compartmentation are probably
active but cannot explain the differential Zn sensitivity of the isolates. 相似文献
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Acidification of forest ecosystems leads to increased plant availability of the micronutrient manganese (Mn), which is toxic when taken up in excess. To investigate whether ectomycorrhizas protect against excessive Mn by improving plant growth and nutrition or by retention of excess Mn in the hyphal mantle, seedlings of two populations of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), two varieties, one being menziesii (DFM) and the other being glauca (DFG), were inoculated with the ectomycorrhizal fungus Rhizopogon subareolatus in sand cultures. Five months after inoculation, half of the inoculated and non-inoculated seedlings were exposed to excess Mn in the nutrient solution for further 5 months. At the end of this period, plant productivity, nutrient concentrations, Mn uptake and subcellular compartmentalisation were evaluated. Non-inoculated, non-stressed DFM plants produced about 2.5 times more biomass than similarly treated DFG. Excess Mn in the nutrient solution led to high accumulation of Mn in needles and roots but only to marginal loss in biomass. Colonisation with R. subareolatus slightly suppressed DFM growth but strongly reduced that of DFG (-50%) despite positive effects of mycorrhizas on plant phosphorus nutrition. Growth reductions of inoculated Douglas fir seedlings were unexpected since the degree of mycorrhization was not high, i.e. ca. 30% in DFM and 8% in DFG. Accumulation of high Mn was not prevented in inoculated seedlings. The hyphal mantle of mycorrhizal root tips accumulated divalent cations such as Ca, but not Mn, thus not providing a barrier against excessive Mn uptake into the plants associated with R. subareolatus. 相似文献
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Field performance in northern Spain of Douglas-fir seedlings Inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Experimental plantations were established in northern Spain to determine the effects of different ectomycorrhizal fungi on
growth and survival of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) under field conditions. Douglas-fir seedlings were inoculated with Laccaria
bicolor S238 mycelia in two bareroot nurseries in central France or with spore suspensions of three hypogeous ectomycorrhizal species:
Melanogaster ambiguus, Rhizopogon colossus and R. subareolatus, in a Spanish containerised nursery. The effects of ectomycorrhizal inoculation on plant survival after outplanting were
limited, being only significant at the Guipuzkoan (Spain) site, when plants inoculated with L.
bicolor S238 were compared to non-inoculated plants grown in non-fumigated soil. L. bicolor S238 had a significant effect on plant growth during the phase of bareroot nursery growth and this difference was maintained
after field outplanting. Nursery inoculations with M. ambiguus, R. colossus and R. subareolatus improved plant growth during the first 2 and 3 years after field outplanting. The positive effects of the inoculation treatment
on seedling height, root collar diameter and stem volume persisted after 5 years of field growth. Inoculation with these ectomycorrhizal
fungi may improve the field performance of Douglas-fir seedlings in northern Spain.
Accepted: 12 February 1999 相似文献
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Inoculation of containerized Pseudotsuga menziesii and Pinus pinaster seedlings with spores of five species of ectomycorrhizal fungi 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Container-grown Pseudotsuga menziesii and Pinus pinaster seedlings were inoculated with water suspensions of spores of five ectomycorrhizal fungi commonly found in northeastern Spain.
Pseudotsuga menziesii seedlings were inoculated with basidiospores of Melanogaster ambiguus, or Rhizopogon subareolatus, or with ascospores of Tuber maculatum. Pinus pinaster seedlings were inoculated with basidiospores of Melanogaster ambiguus, Rhizopogon roseolus or Scleroderma citrinum. The spore concentrations were 102–107 spores per seedling for Melanogaster ambiguus (in Pseu
dotsuga menziesii) and Rhizopogon subareolatus, 103–107 for Melanogaster ambiguus (in Pinus pinaster), Rhizopogon
roseolus, and Scleroderma citrinum, and 102–104 for Tuber maculatum. Melanogaster ambiguus colonized more short roots in a larger proportion of plants at 107 spores per seedling than at any other rate. The highest colonization by Rhizopogon subareolatus was obtained at 104 spores per seedling and higher, and all inoculated plants became infected at 106 spores per seedling and higher. Tuber maculatum colonized a high percentage of short roots at all rates tested; the proportion of infected plants was over 80% at 103–104 spores per plant, decreasing to 50% at 102 spores per plant. Rhizopogon roseolus colonized the highest number of short roots on nearly all the inoculated plants when applied at 105 spores per seedling and higher. Scleroderma citrinum colonized a high percentage of short roots on all inoculated plants when applied at 105 spores per seedling and higher. The abundance of sporocarps of Melanogaster ambiguus, Rhizopogon subareolatus, R
hizopogon roseolus and Scleroderma citrinum and their colonization ability at relatively low rates allows these spores to be used as ectomycorrhizal inocula on a large
scale.
Accepted: 27 February 1996 相似文献
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The ability of ericoid and ectomycorrhizal fungi to utilize 14C-labelled lignin and O14CH3-labelled dehydropolymer of coniferyl alcohol as sole C sources has been assessed in pure culture studies. The results indicate that ericoid mycorrhizal fungi are more effective in degrading lignin than ectomycorrhizal fungi. Amongst the ectomycorrhizal fungi the facultative mycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus degraded lignin more readily than those which are normally considered to be obligately mycorrhizal fungi such as Suillus bovinus and Rhizopogon roseolus. The importance of these lignin degrading capabilities is discussed in relation to the predominance of specific mycorrhiza forms along a gradient of increasing organic matter and hence lignin content of soil. 相似文献
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Five taxon-specific oligonucleotide probes are described that can be used to help identify the fungal components of ectomycorrhizae. Comparisons among partial sequence from the mitochondrial large subunit rRNA gene (mt-LrRNA) were used to select the probes, which were intended to be specific to several taxa within the suilloid group of the Boletales (Basidiomycota). Probes S1, R1, and G1 were targeted at the genera Suillus, Rhizopogon and Gomphidius ; probe G2 was designed to recognize the family, Gomphidiaceae, and probe US1 was designed to recognize all of these taxa and any other members of the suilloid group. The specificity of each probe was determined empirically by testing their ability to hybridize to PCR amplified fragments derived from 84 species of basidiomycetes. Although none of the probes exhibited their intended specificity, all specifically hybridized to useful subsets of taxa, and collectively they can be used to identify many suilloid taxa to the generic level or below. The probes were also tested for their ability to identify field collected mycorrhizae and were found to perform well. 相似文献